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Global Perspectives on Health

Global Perspectives on Health. Session 3 The Determinants of Health, Risk Factors, and Measuring Health Status Dr. Kate Tairyan, MD, MPH. Learning Objectives. Describe the determinants of health Define the most important health indicators

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Global Perspectives on Health

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  1. Global Perspectives on Health Session 3 The Determinants of Health, Risk Factors, and Measuring Health Status Dr. Kate Tairyan, MD, MPH

  2. Learning Objectives • Describe the determinants of health • Define the most important health indicators • Discuss the differences between incidence and prevalence; morbidity, disability, and mortality; and non-communicable and communicable diseases

  3. Determinants of Health • Why are some people healthy and some not healthy? • What determines health? • Is it possible to control/influence determinants?

  4. “State of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity” WHO

  5. Physical and Social Environment Health Behaviors/Lifestyle Health Individual characteristics Access to Health Services Determinants of Health

  6. Determinants of Health • Individual • Genetic make up • Sex • Age

  7. Determinants of Health • Environment • Physical • Water • Sanitation • Air pollution • Social • Socio-economic status • Education • Social Capital • Culture • Gender

  8. Determinants of Health • Health Behaviors/Lifestyle

  9. Determinants of Health • Access to Health Services • Availability of services • Barriers to access • Quality and safety of services • Government Policies, Programs in Health Sector

  10. Key health Indicators • Life Expectancy • Infant Mortality (under age 1) • Neonatal Mortality (younger than 28 days) • Maternal Mortality • Under Five or Child Mortality • Disability • Morbidity

  11. Trends in Life Expectancy, by Region Life Expectancy at Birth, in Years Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium scenario), 2005.

  12. Child Mortality by Wealth Deaths Under Age 5 per 1,000 Live Births Source: Population Reference Bureau, Population & Economic Development Linkages 2007 Data Sheet.

  13. Map of Maternal Mortality, Worldwide 2000 Maternal deaths per 100,000 Live Births Source: WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA, Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA, 2004.

  14. Maternal Mortality, by Region 2000 Estimates Pregnancy and childbirth-related deaths per 100,000 live births Source: WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA, Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA, 2004.

  15. ℴ Incidence (new cases) Prevalence (existing cases) Death, recovery Incidence and Prevalence • Incidence – New Cases • Prevalence – Existing Cases

  16. Few words about disease classification • Communicable diseases – caused by infection agent, pathogen, are spread from human to human, from animals to human (directly or not-directly) • Non-communicable – multiple causes, stroke, diabetes • Acute and chronic • Injuries

  17. So What? • Global health indicators are improving overall in the world • But not in all places, not for all social groups and not at the same speed

  18. Determinant of Health: Joke of the day The Japanese eat very little fat and suffer fewer heart attacks than the Canadians, British, Australians or Americans. The Mexicans eat a lot of fat and suffer fewer heart attacks than the Canadians, British, Australians or Americans. The Chinese drink very little red wine and suffer fewer heart attacks than the Canadians, British, Australians or Americans. The Italians drink excessive amounts of red wine and suffer fewer heart attacks than the Canadians, British, Australians or Americans. The Germans drink a lot of beer and eat lots of sausages and fats, and suffer fewer heart attacks than the Canadians, British, Australians or Americans. Conclusion: Eat and drink what you like. Speaking English is apparently what kills you 

  19. THANK YOU ! ? Questions ?

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