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Public Health and Health Disparities Morgan State University

Public Health and Health Disparities Morgan State University. Monday, November 25, 2013. African Americans Safia Fadul , Meikiesha Sewell, Rolanda Marshall, & Cassandre Jude Epps. Agenda. Welcome Blessing of the Food Introduction of Presenters , Panelists & Attendees Libation

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Public Health and Health Disparities Morgan State University

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  1. Public Health and Health DisparitiesMorgan State University Monday, November 25, 2013 African Americans SafiaFadul, MeikieshaSewell, Rolanda Marshall, & Cassandre Jude Epps

  2. Agenda • Welcome • Blessing of the Food • Introduction of Presenters , Panelists & Attendees • Libation • History of African Americans • Demographics • Epidemiology • Initiatives • Panel Discussion • Closing Ceremony • Q & A

  3. Presenters SafiaFadul;MPH Candidate, Ethiopia Meikisha Sewell; MPH Candidate, Jamaica RolandaMarshall; MPH Candidate, New Orleans, United States Cassandre Jude Epps; DrPHCandidate, Moderator, Haiti

  4. Panel YeyeGogoNana Goddess LoveLight; OOH International TwazaAteyoKanyezi; Diamond Life UnLimited Vanessa Geffrard; Director of Training & Education, Planned Parenthood Tanya Smith, CPhT;MPH Candidate, Public Health Educator Shawna Murray-Browne, MSW, LGSW; Founder, The Usisi Circle Christopher Cummings; Principal, C. M. Cummings + Associates, LLC

  5. Attendees Please share: Your name The degree you are pursuing Your specific area of interest What you hope to take away from tonight’s panel

  6. Libation Why do we pour Libation?

  7. History

  8. Slavery: • How did it start? • When? • Where?

  9. Trip from Africa to America • The ships condition • The harsh treatment.

  10. Arriving to America: • Factors affecting the health of the African Americans after arriving to America. • Mother & child health during slavery.

  11. African Americans in the 19th century : • American Civil War : 1861 - 1865 • Jim Crow Laws.

  12. The 20th Century: • African Americans in Experimental Trails. • Civil Right Movement: 1955 – 1968. • The start of affirmative action. • The start of Medicaid

  13. The 21st Century The impact of the previous history on the current health of African Americans: • Overweight • Coronary heart disease. • Prostate cancer • The Affordable Care Act.

  14. Demographics

  15. Demographics Focus areas • Origin of African Americans • Geographic distribution • Age and gender • Education • Occupations, income and unemployment rates • Fertility rates and family structure

  16. Demographics Origin of African Americans • In 2010, of the total U.S. population (308.7 million) 38.9 million was identified as Black alone • There was a 12.3 percent change from the year 2000 (34.6 million) • Foreign-born population was 2.6 million, or 8 percent of the total Black population in 2004 • 2004 census showed that 1 of every 2 foreign born Blacks where naturalized citizens

  17. Demographics • 66 percent of foreign-born Blacks were born in Latin America • 30 percent were born in Africa • 92 percent were native of United States, or a U.S. area

  18. Demographics Demographic distribution Top ten States with the largest number of African Americans • New York • Florida • Georgia • Texas • California • Illinois • North Carolina • Maryland • Virginia • Luisana Southern states have the greatest proportion of Blacks

  19. DemographicAge and gender of African Americans • The median age for African -Americans is 31 • 33 percent of all Blacks were under 18, in comparison to 23 percent non-Hispanic Whites • 8 percent of all Blacks were 65 and older, in comparison to 14 percent non-Hispanic Whites • Larger proportion of Black males and females were under 18 (36 percent and 30 percent) in comparison to non-Hispanic male and females under 18 (24 percent and 16 percent) • African American males and female 65 and older were less than 10 percent

  20. Education • A lower percent of Blacks (79 percent) in comparison to 89 percent of non-Hispanic Whites earned at least a high school diploma • The proportion of all non-Hispanic Whites with a bachelor's degree (32 percent) was higher than all Blacks (17 percent) • More Black women than Black men earned at least a bachelor’s degree (18 percent and 16 percent respectively), while 32 percent of non-Hispanic Whites men had earned a bachelor's degree in comparison to 27 percent non-Hispanic White women

  21. Education Educational attainment of Blacks or African Americans in the labor force, 25 years and over

  22. Demographic Occupation , income and unemployment • 20 percent Blacks age 16 and older were employed in technical, sales, and administrative support jobs • Similar findings for non-Hispanic Whites • Less (18 percent) Blacks men were employed in managerial and professional occupations when compared to White men • The median income for African Americans households was $33, 460, lower than the general population of $50, 502 • 33 percent of all Black families and 57 percent of non-Hispanic White families had incomes of $50, 000 or more • Unemployment rate is twice higher among African Americans (11 percent compared to 5 for non-Hispanic Whites) • The total population poverty rate was 12 percent and of that amount African Americans account for 23 percent • Poverty rate was higher for children under age 18 (36 percent) and those 65 and older (22 percent)

  23. Demographic Fertility Rates & Family Structure • Black women had a slightly higher fertility rates than non-Hispanic Whites • 56 of every 1000 Black women aged 15 to 50 had given birth prior being surveyed • 60 percent of Black women who had given birth were unmarried • 1 in 6 Blacks was either separated (5 percent) or divorced (12 percent • Black households are more likely to be maintained by women and a more likely to have more than 5 members • 66 percent of Black households were family household

  24. References • Drewery, P. M., Hoeffel, M. E., Johnson, D. T., & Rastogi, S. (2011). The Black Population: 2010, 2010 Census Briefs. United States Census Bureau, 1-19. Retrieve October 11, 2013, from http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-06.pdf • Mckinnon, J. (2003). The Black Population in the United States: March 2002, Population Characteristics. United States Census Bureau, 1-8. Retrieve October 11, 2013, from http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/p20-541.pdf • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2011). Demographics: African American or Black. Retrieve October 11, 2013 from http://www.samhsa.gov/obhe/african-american/demographics.aspx • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health. (2011). African American Profile. Retrieve October 11, 2013 from https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/browse.aspx?lvl=3&lvlid=23 • U.S. Census Bureau. (2007). The American Community-Blacks: 2004, American Community Survey Reports. U.S. Department of Commerce, 1-23.Retrieve October 11, 2013, from http://www.census.gov/prod/2007pubs/acs-04.pdf

  25. Epidemiology

  26. Epidemiology (Defined) What is Epidemiology? • The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems (World Health Organization) • It is used to demonstrate the disparities in different cultures

  27. Epidemiology • Disparities in healthcare resulting in the prevalence of controllable diseases. Examples: • HIV and AIDS • Heart Disease • Infant Mortality • Stroke • Diabetes

  28. Epidemiology-Disparities in Healthcare

  29. Epidemiology- HIV and AIDS More than 1.1 million people in the United States are living with HIV infection, and almost 1 in 5 (18.1%) are unaware of their infection • Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM),1 particularly young black/African American MSM, are most seriously affected by HIV. • By race, blacks/African Americans face the most severe burden of HIV.

  30. Epidemiology-HIV and AIDS

  31. Epidemiology-HIV and AIDS • Blacks represent approximately 12% of the U.S. population, but accounted for an estimated 44% of new HIV infections in 2010. They also accounted for 44% of people living with HIV infection in 2009. • Since the epidemic began, more than 260,800 blacks with an AIDS diagnosis have died, including an estimated 7,678 in 2010.3 • Unless the course of the epidemic changes, at some point in their lifetime, an estimated 1 in 16 black men and 1 in 32 black women will be diagnosed with HIV infection. (HIV.GOV)

  32. Epidemiology-Heart Disease • The number of noninstitutionalized adults with diagnosed heart disease: 26.5 million • Percent of noninstitutionalized adults with diagnosed heart disease: 11.5% • African-Americans are at higher risk for heart disease, yet they're less likely to get the care they need

  33. Epidemiology-Infant Mortality • African Americans have 2.3 times the infant mortality rate as non-Hispanic whites. • They are almost four times as likely to die as infants due to complications related to low birthweight as compared to non-Hispanic white infants. • African Americans had twice the sudden infant death syndrome mortality rate as non-Hispanic whites, in 2009. • African American mothers were 2.3 times more likely than non-Hispanic white mothers to begin prenatal care in the 3rd trimester, or not receive prenatal care at all. • The infant mortality rate for African American mothers with over 13 years of education was almost three times that of Non-Hispanic White mothers in 2005

  34. References • Infant Mortality and African Americans. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. <http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/content.aspx? ID=3021>. • Infant Mortality and African Americans. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/content.aspx?ID=3021. • CDC. Estimated HIV incidence in the United States, 2007–2010. HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report 2012;17(No. 4). http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/surveillance/resources/reports/2010supp_vol17no4/?s_cid=cs_064. Published December 2012 • "HIV Incidence." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 22 May 2013. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/surveillance/incidence/. • CDC. Health, United States, 2004: table 53. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, National Center for Health Statistics; 2004. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/tables/2004/04hus053.pdf.

  35. Programs & Initiatives

  36. Programs & Initiatives The MAAFA The Middle Passage & Slavery Social determinants of health Cultural / Socioeconomic / Policy Health Disparities

  37. Programs & Initiatives Cultural / Socioeconomic Centered Initiatives • The Niagara Movement • The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People: NAACP • The Urban League Policy Centered Initiatives • The Health Disparities Act (ACA)

  38. Programs & Initiatives The Niagara Movement • 1905 erected by W.E.B Dubois and William Trotter hat helped framed the discourse for racial injustice. • June 1905 meeting emerged as a result of the frustration with the pace of justice and equality that was withheld from African Americans. • Dubois and others felt that the leading voice for African American civil rights at that time, contemporary Booker T. Washington, was not urgent enough. • 100% African American team of individuals to formulate a “Strategy to abolish all caste distinctions based simply on race and color,”

  39. Programs & Initiatives The NAACP “Founded in 1909, the NAACP is the nation's oldest and largest civil rights organization. Its members throughout the United States and the world are the premier advocates for civil rights in their communities, conducting voter mobilization and monitoring equal opportunity in the public and private sectors.”

  40. Programs & Initiatives • Since 1941 the NAACP has been the premier civil rights advocacy entity on Capitol Hill. The NAACP was a leading force behind the enactment of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, the 1965 Voting Rights Act, the 1968 Fair Housing Act, the 1991 Civil Rights Restoration Act and the 2002 Help America Vote Act, the most current reauthorization of the Voting Rights Act among countless others. • General focus includes: • promotion and protection of civil rights • securing a fair and equal criminal justice system • ensuring high quality educational opportunities for all Americans • a fair labor environment • securing affordable adequate housing and health care for all Americans.

  41. Programs & Initiatives The Urban League The National Urban League is dedicated to economic empowerment in order to elevate the standard of living in historically underserved urban communities. Founded in 1910 and headquartered in New York City, the National Urban League spearheads the efforts of its local affiliates through the development of programs, public policy research and advocacy. 95 affiliates serving 300 communities, in 35 states and the District of Columbia, impacting: 2 million people nationwide.

  42. Programs & Initiatives • The National Urban League 8-Point Plan: • Fair and equitable school funding for all • Robust early childhood education for each child • Strengthen high schools and re-engage students to prevent dropouts • Robust STEM focused curriculum and programs • Qualified, effective and diverse teachers • Strategic workforce development: targeting Americans most in need • New job training models coupled with job placement • Improving and integrating current data systems

  43. Programs & Initiatives The Urban League State of Black America Report • The State of Black America (SOBA) report is the National Urban League’s signature annual publication. It is a barometer of the conditions, experiences and opinions of African Americans. Since its inception 34 years ago, The State of Black America has become a greatly respected and widely anticipated publication.

  44. Programs & Initiatives Policy Centered Initiatives Department of Health & Human Service- Office of Minority Health Health Disparities Act

  45. The Future for Black America

  46. Panelist Q & A • Please tell us about yourself? • As a member of the African American Community, what unique problems and achievements do you encounter? • Based on what we presented to you tonight- What was most…troubling / surprising? • What do you think is the African American’s community’s “prescription or remedy” for change?

  47. Closing Ceremony Selections for healing the African Diaspora & empowering MSU SPH faculty, students, administration, today’s guests and attendees, panel members and all who play a positive role in moving our People upward and onward: Presented by YeyeGogoNana Goddess LoveLight , OOH International TwazaAteyoKanyezi, Diamond Life UnLimited

  48. Questions, Comments, Concerns?

  49. So…What did you learn? • Tonight I learned… • I hope to do or think about ______differently because …

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