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Anion tests

Anion tests. Common ions. Cl -. Chloride. Carbonate. CO 3 - -. Hydrogen Carbonate. HCO 3 -. Sulfate. SO 4 - -. SO 3 - -. Sulfite. NO 3 -. Nitrate. PO 4 - - -. Phosphate. Chloride test. Make a solution of the salt Add silver nitrate solution If chloride it produces……

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Anion tests

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  1. Anion tests

  2. Common ions Cl- Chloride Carbonate CO3- - Hydrogen Carbonate HCO3- Sulfate SO4- - SO3- - Sulfite NO3- Nitrate PO4- - - Phosphate

  3. Chloride test • Make a solution of the salt • Add silver nitrate solution • If chloride it produces…… • A white precipitate - + + - AgNO3 NaCl AgCl NaNO3 + + =

  4. Confirm chloride • Take the white precipitate obtained earlier • Add…. • Ammonia solution • If chloride…. • The precipitate dissolves

  5. Nitrate • ‘Brown ring test’ • Make a solution of the salt • Add Iron sulfate solution • Mix • Add conc sulfuric acid • This sinks to the bottom • A brown ring forms • At the top of the sulfuric acid layer

  6. Phosphate • Make a solution of the salt • Add • Ammonium molybdate solution • Add…. • Conc nitric acid • If phosphate a • Yellow precipitate forms

  7. Sulfate or sulfite • Make a solution of the salt • Add barium chloride solution • both sulfate and sulfite give….. • A white precipitate - - + ++ + - - ++ - - Na2SO4 BaSO4 NaCl BaCl2 + = + BaCl2 Na2SO3 NaCl BaSO3 = + +

  8. Distinguish Sulfate or sulfite • Take the white precipitate obtained earlier • Add dilute hydrochloric acid • If the precipitate dissolves • the salt was… • Sulfite • If it does not dissolve it is sulfate H2O BaSO3 HCl BaCl2 SO2 + + = + BaSO4 HCl = + No reaction

  9. Distinguish between sulfate and sulfite • Take the white precipitate obtained earlier • Add dilute hydrochloric acid • If the precipitate dissolves • the salt was… • Sulfite • If it does not dissolve it is sulfate

  10. Carbonate or HydrogenCarbonate • Add hydrochloric acid to the solid • Check for carbon dioxide gas using • Lime water • If it turns • Milky • It indicates the presence of carbonate or hydrogen carbonate

  11. Solubility of CO3- -and HCO3- Carbonates are generally insoluble Except Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 Hydrogen carbonates are generally soluble

  12. Distinguish between carbonate and hydrogencarbonate • Make a solution of the salt • Add a magnesium sulfate solution • If you get a white precipitate it indicates • Carbonate • If no precipitate it indicates • It indicates Hydrogen carbonate - - - - - - - - ++ + + ++ Na2SO4 MgSO4 Na2CO3 MgCO3 + + =

  13. Distinguish between carbonate and hydrogencarbonate • Make a solution of the salt • Add a magnesium sulfate solution • If you get a white precipitate it indicates • Carbonate • If no precipitate it indicates • It indicates Hydrogen carbonate - - - - - - - ++ + + ++ Na2SO4 MgSO4 NaHCO3 MgHCO3 + + =

  14. Confirm hydrogencaronate • Boil the clear solution obtained • If it is a Hydrogencarbonate….. • A white precipitate now forms

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