Chapter 2 by Kathleen Mastrian and Dee McGonigle

1. Chapter 2byKathleen Mastrian and Dee McGonigle Introduction to Information, Information Science, and Information Systems

2. Key Terms Defined • Acquisition • Alerts • Analysis • Chief Information Officers • Chief Technical Officers or Chief Technology Officers

3. Key Terms Defined • Cognitive Science • Communication Science • Computer-Based Information System • Computer Science • Consolidated Health Informatics

4. Key Terms Defined • Data • Dissemination • Document • Electronic Health Record • Federal Health Information Exchange

5. Key Terms Defined • Feedback • Health Information Exchange • Health Level Seven • Information • Information Science

6. Key Terms Defined • Information System • Information Technology • Infrastructure • Input • Interface

7. Key Terms Defined • Knowledge • Knowledge Worker • LibraryScience • Massachusetts Health Data Consortium • National Health Information Infrastructure

8. Key Terms Defined • National Health Information Network • New England Health EDI Network • Next Generation Internet • Outcome • Output

9. Key Terms Defined • Processing • Rapid Syndromic Validation Project • Report • Social Sciences • Stakeholders

10. Key Terms Defined • Summaries • Synthesis • Telecommunications

11. Information • What is information? • Types of data • Alphanumeric data • Image data

12. Information • Video data • Data integrity • Information technologies • The importance of clean data

13. Information • Quality of information • Characteristics of quality information • Two ways information is acquired • How we receive information

14. Information Science • Information science • What is information science concerned with? • What can information science be related to? • Our society’s need for information

15. Information Processing • What information science enables • We are constantly in need of information • What is information? • What is knowledge?

16. Information Processing • Does knowledge have to be viable? • What is knowledge viability? • What is the importance of computational tools? • A link between information processing and scientific discovery • Knowledge and wisdom

17. Information Science and The Foundation of Knowledge • Information Science • How did this science originate? • What does information science impact?

18. Information Science and The Foundation of Knowledge • Healthcare organization’s role • Information science’s impact on society

19. Introduction to Information Systems • Resources for healthcare • Information technologies shaping healthcare • Information systems and their ability to handle large volume

20. Information System • Computer-based information systems • IS’ specific purposes • The IS’ capability • Turning data into useful information

21. Information System • The range of data • The output of data • What are the various documents of information? • What are outcomes?

22. Information System • What are output devices? • How does the IS generate payment? • Feedback and responses • Feedback in the IS

23. Thought Provoking Questions How do you acquire information? Choose two hours out of your busy day and try to take note of all of the information that you receive from your environment. Keep a diary denoting where the information came from and how you knew it was information and not data.

24. Thought Provoking Questions Reflect on an information system that you are familiar with such as the automatic banking machine. How does this IS function? What are the advantages of using this system i.e., in the banking machine example, why not use a bank teller instead? What are the disadvantages? Are there enhancements that you would add to this system?

25. Thought Provoking Questions In healthcare, think about a typical day of practice and describe the setting, how many times does the nurse interact with ISs? • What are the IS that we interact with and how do we access them? • Are they at the bedside, handheld or station-based? • How does their location and ease of access impact nursing care?

26. Thought Provoking Questions Since our society is dominated by the need for information and knowledge and information science focuses on systems as well as individual users fostering user-centered approaches that enhance society’s information capabilities by effectively and efficiently linking people, information and technology. Briefly describe an organization and discuss how this impacts the configuration and mix of organizations and influences the nature of work or how knowledge workers interact with and produce information and knowledge in this setting.

27. Thought Provoking Questions Information systems support and facilitate the functioning of people to enhance and evolve nursing practice by generating knowledge. This knowledge represents five rights: the right information, accessible by the right people in the right settings, applied the right way at the right time. It is also the struggle to integrate new knowledge and old knowledge to enhance wisdom. (cont’d)

28. Thought Provoking Questions (cont’d) If clinicians are inundated with data without the ability to process it, this yields too little wisdom. That is why it is crucial that clinicians have viable information systems at their fingertips to facilitate the acquisition, sharing and utilization of knowledge while maturing wisdom; it is a process of empowerment. If you could only meet 4 of the Rights, which one would you omit and why? Also, provide your rationale for each Right you chose to meet.