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Plant Taxonomy (Systematics)

Naming Classifying Identifying. Plant Taxonomy (Systematics). Plant Systematics. Naming give an organism a precise scientific name Homo sapiens L. ICZN, ICBN, ICMN. Plant Systematics. Classifying organize into groups Primata Hominidae Homo sapiens. Identifying

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Plant Taxonomy (Systematics)

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  1. Naming Classifying Identifying Plant Taxonomy (Systematics)

  2. Plant Systematics • Naming • give an organism a precise scientific name • Homo sapiens L. • ICZN, ICBN, ICMN

  3. Plant Systematics • Classifying • organize into groups • Primata • Hominidae • Homo sapiens

  4. Identifying finding the name of an organism that has already been named and classified Plant Systematics

  5. Dichotomous Keys • A series of paired choices that leads to the correct name of an organism

  6. Collecting, Preparing and Preserving Plants

  7. Collecting, Preparing and Preserving Plants

  8. Polynomial Nomenclature • Ranunculus calycibus, retroflexus, pedulculis falcatis, caule erecto, folis comopositis

  9. Polynomial Nomenclature • Ranunculus calycibus, retroflexus, pedulculis falcatis, caule erecto, folis comopositis • “The buttercup with bent-back sepals, curved flower stalks, erect stems and compound leaves” • descriptive, precise

  10. Binomial Nomenclature • - Began 1753, Species Plantarum • Carolus Linnaeus 18thC Sweden • Ranunculuscalycibus • Genusspecies

  11. Binomial Nomenclature • - Began 1753, Species Plantarum • Carolus linnaeus 18thC Sweden • Genusspecies • same species name • Cercis canadensis L. • Solidago canadensis L. Authority • Rules: International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) • ICZN, ICMN

  12. ICBN Rules • Genus treated a noun; species asadjective • suffixes usually agree in gender • Malefemale neuter • us a um • is is re • er ris • o • Lactuca hirsut_ • Lathyrus hirsut_ • Vaccinium hirsut_

  13. Binomials • Often describe some feature • Incorporate the name of a person or place • perpetuate a classical name

  14. Binomials • Quercus alba “white oak” • Quercus macrocarpa “burr oak” • All tree genera are treated as female! • Veronica noveboracensis (L.) Michx. • CHANGE OF CLASSIFICATION

  15. Linnaeus’ Kingdoms

  16. Kingdoms

  17. Domains

  18. Species • A distinct types of organism capable of breeding with other members of its own kind - but not with other species…. • Basic category in biological nomenclature

  19. Varieties (subspecies) • Sargent • Quercus alba L. var. alba • Quercus alba L. var. latiloba Sarg. • If Q. latiloba was a new species? • Quercus latiloba Sarg.

  20. hybridization • Q. velutina X Q. rubra X Q. palustris • Echinacea pallida • Echinacea paradoxa • Echinacea pallida X paradoxa

  21. Relationship between Genus and Species • Genus - a group of related species • Quercus(oaks) Carya (hickories) • rubra - ovata • velutina - cordiformes • alba

  22. Related • 1. Have similar characteristics (may hybridize) • 2. Have a common ancestor back in evolutionary time • velutina rubra alba

  23. Related • 1. Have similar characteristics (may hybridize) • 2. Have a common ancestor back in evolutionary time • ovatacordiformes

  24. Organisms that are placed in the same genus are believed to be more closely related than organisms from other genera. Evolution (implied by classification)

  25. Phylogenetic Hierarchy • Kingdom • Division (Phylum) • Class • Order • Family • Genus • species

  26. Natural System • Our present system attempts to group organisms in accordance with natural (evolutionary) relationships. • Homology

  27. Natural System • Our present system attempts to group organisms in accordance with natural (evolutionary) relationships. • Homology • internal structures, embryology, DNA, proteins • Analogy • based on superficial characteristics • outward form and function

  28. Standard Endings (ICBN) • Division: phyta • Class: opsida • Order: ales • family: aceae • Genus: • species:

  29. Taxa • Division: Anthophyta Coniferophyta Pterophyta • “flowering “pines,spruces, “ferns” plants” firs” • Magnoliopsida • Liliopsida

  30. Magnoliopsida dicots - 2 embryonic leaves taproot branching leaf veins flower parts:2s, 4s, 5s Liliopsida monocots - 1 embryonic leaf adventitious roots, branching parallel leaf veins flower parts: 3s Classes of Flowering Plants

  31. Classification of Burr Oak: • Kingdom: Plantae • Division: Anthophyta • Class: Magnoliopsida • Order: Fagales • family: Fagaceae • Genus: Quercus • species: macrocarpa • binomial: Quercus macrocarpa

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