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Matter

Matter. Ms. Towle Chemistry. States of Matter. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. There are 4 states of matter: Solid Liquid Gas Plasma. Solids. Have a fixed volume and shape.

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Matter

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  1. Matter Ms. Towle Chemistry

  2. States of Matter • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. • There are 4 states of matter: • Solid • Liquid • Gas • Plasma

  3. Solids • Have a fixed volume and shape. • The particles that make up solid matter are in a rigid structure and slightly vibrate in place.

  4. Liquids • Have a fixed volume but not a fixed shape. • The particles that make up liquid matter are close together but slip past each other.

  5. Gases • Have neither a fixed volume nor a fixed shape. • The particles are weakly attracted to each other and move independently at high speeds.

  6. Plasma • Has neither a fixed volume or a fixed shape. • A gas that has been charged and exists as ions and free electrons.

  7. Classification of Matter • There are two types of matter: • Pure Substances & Mixtures • Pure Substances – composition is the same throughout and does not vary from sample to sample. • Mixtures - blend of 2 or more kinds of matter, each retaining its own identity and properties.

  8. Classification of Matter – Pure Substances • There are two kinds of pure substances: • Elements and compounds • Elements - substances that can not be decomposed by chemical means. • Compounds - substances made from the atoms of 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded.

  9. Classification of Matter - Mixtures • There are two kinds of mixtures: • Homogeneous & heterogeneous • Homogeneous mixture – Mixtures that are uniform in composition. (Solutions) • Heterogeneous mixture – Mixtures that are not uniform in composition. (Colloids or Suspensions)

  10. Changes of Matter • Physical Change: • The identity of a substance doesn’t change. • The only changes may be the arrangement, location, or speed of the particles. • Examples • Dissolving sugar in tea. • Ice melting.

  11. Changes of Matter • Chemical Change: • The identities of the substances change and new substances form. • Examples • Cooking an egg. • A car rusting. • Wood burning.

  12. Evidence of a Chemical Change • The production of a gas. • This is not gas from a phase change. • The formation of a precipitate. • A solid substance separated from a liquid solution. • The release or absorption of energy. • This energy can be in the form of heat or light. • A color change.

  13. Physical Properties • Physical Properties are characteristics that can be observed and measured without changing the identity of the substance. • Examples: • Volume • Mass • Color

  14. Types of Physical Properties • Extensive properties: those that depend on the amount of matter present. • Volume and mass are examples • Intensive properties: those that do not depend on the amount of matter present. • Boiling point, Melting point, Density.

  15. Chemical Properties • Chemical Properties are those that are related to a substances ability to undergo a change into a different substance. • Examples: • Flammability • Reactivity with water (etc.)

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