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FABRIC Manufacturing TECHNOLOGY

FABRIC Manufacturing TECHNOLOGY. Types of FABRIC. Fabrics are mainly two types- Woven Fabric. Knitted fabric. Comparison of WOVEN FABRIC vs KNITTED FABRIC. WOVEN FABRIC & KNITTED FABRIC. Woven Fabric & Knitted Fabric. Difference between woven and knitted fabrics. Fabric Construction

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FABRIC Manufacturing TECHNOLOGY

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  1. FABRIC Manufacturing TECHNOLOGY www.AssignmentPoint.com

  2. Types of FABRIC Fabrics are mainly two types- • Woven Fabric. • Knitted fabric. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  3. Comparison ofWOVEN FABRIC vs KNITTED FABRIC www.AssignmentPoint.com

  4. WOVEN FABRIC & KNITTED FABRIC www.AssignmentPoint.com

  5. Woven Fabric & Knitted Fabric www.AssignmentPoint.com

  6. Difference between woven and knitted fabrics Fabric Construction • Woven fabric is at least made up of two separate groups of yarns (warp and weft) and knitted fabric can be made up of one yarn only. • Weaving is interlacing of 2 set of yarn to form a fabric. • Knitting is a process of converting yarn to fabric by forming a series of loops dependent on each other. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  7. Difference between woven and knitted fabrics Elasticity • Elasticity is the ability of the fabric to extend and recover to its original shape and length. • Knitted fabric has higher extensibility and instant recovery ability than woven fabric. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  8. Difference between woven and knitted fabrics Fabric Density and Cover • In general, woven fabric can be produced in extremely tight and higher coverage when compared with knitted fabric. • Range of density variation is much higher than knitted fabric. • Knitted fabric in general, is looser in structure. www.AssignmentPoint.com

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  10. Difference between woven and knitted fabrics Thickness and Handle • Knitted fabric is much thicker and softer than woven fabric as it has a complicated 3-dimensional structure. • Knitted fabric seems to be softer because the knitted loops are more easily compress and extensible than straight yarn (warp and weft in woven fabric) www.AssignmentPoint.com

  11. Difference between woven and knitted fabrics Production Cost • Weaving requires expensive preparation processes like warping, sizing, draw-in; while knitting only requires yarn waxing. • The production rate of circular knitting is roughly FIVE times faster than modern weaving loom. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  12. Flow Chart For Woven Fabric www.AssignmentPoint.com

  13. Flow Chart For Knitted fabric www.AssignmentPoint.com

  14. WINDING The process of transferring yarn from ring bobbin to suitable packages is called winding. Objects of winding: • To transfer yarn from one package to another which is suitable for next process. • To clean yarn. • To improve the quality of yarn. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  15. Types of Packages • A= Flanged bobbin. • B= Cone. • C= Cheese. • D= Pirn. • E= Cop. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  16. Types of Winding m/c • Flanged bobbin winding m/c. • Cone winding m/c. • Cheese winding m/c. • Pirn winding m/c. • Cop winding m/c. www.AssignmentPoint.com

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  18. Common flow diagram • A= Input Package. • B= Guide. • C= Tensioner. • D= Cleaner. • E= Output Package. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  19. Types of Drive Direct Drive • A= Motor • B= Motor pulley. • C= M/c pulley. • D= Package. Indirect Drive • A= Motor • B= Motor pulley. • C= M/c pulley. • D= Cylinder. • E= Package. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  20. Auxiliary functions in winding 1. Creeling: • This is the placement of full packages in position ready to be unwound as part of the transfer operation. 2. Piecing: • This is the joining of two ends of yarn. It can be done by knotting or adhesion. 3. Doffing: • This is the removal of the newly wound package & replace by an empty package. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  21. WARPING • The parallel winding of warp ends from many little packages to a common package (warp beam) is called Warping. Object of Warping: • To arrange a suitable number of warp yarns of required length so that they can be collected from a single warp beam as a continuous sheet of yarn which can be used in weaving. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  22. Warping & Warp beam www.AssignmentPoint.com

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  24. SIZING • Sizing is the process of applying a protective adhesive coating on the surface of yarn. Object of Sizing: • To improve weavability of yarn. • To maintain good fabric quality by reducing hairiness, weakness, etc. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  25. Size Ingredients 1. Adhesive: • Generally starch of maize, potato, etc are used to increase strength. 2. Lubricants: • Japan wax, linseed oil, animal fats, etc are used to make the yarn slippery and smooth. 3. Antiseptics/ Anti mildews: • Fatty acid, Zinc chloride, phenol, etc are used to prevent mildew formation. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  26. Size Ingredients 4. Hygroscopic agent: • Magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, etc are used to prevent excessive drying. 5. Weighting agent: • China clay, Sodium phosphate, etc are used to increase the weight of yarn. 6. Antifoaming agent: • Pyridine, Benzene, etc are used to prevent foam formation. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  27. Size Box A= Size box. B= Steam pipe. C= Immersion roller. D= Squeezing roller. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  28. Drying Different Drying procedure: • Hot Air Drying. • Infrared Drying. • Cylinder Drying. • Combined Drying. (Cylinder+ Infra red/ Hot air) www.AssignmentPoint.com

  29. Drying • A= Infra red drying. • B = Hot air Drying. • C = Cylinder Drying. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  30. Weaving • The process of making fabric from yarn by interlacement is called weaving. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  31. Mechanism of Weaving (In short) Weaving is done by different types of loom. It is the interlacement of warp & weft. Warp beam supplies warp yarn. According to the design, warp yarns are uppered and lowered and the weft yarns are forced to pass between them. Then interlacement is occurred. www.AssignmentPoint.com

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  34. Basics of KNITTING www.AssignmentPoint.com

  35. Knitting Technology www.AssignmentPoint.com

  36. KNITTING Knitting is forming loops through those previously formed. This interlooping and the continuous formation of more loops into each other produces the knitted fabric structure. www.AssignmentPoint.com

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  39. Some Important Terminology cont.. A single wale A single course Technically Face Technically Back www.AssignmentPoint.com

  40. a Face Face Loop Back Loop Back The upper part of the loop produced by the needle drawing the yarn is called the needle loop. needle loop The lower part of the knitted loop is technically referred as sinker loop www.AssignmentPoint.com sinker loop

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  42. Some Important Terminology cont.. • Wale(s) : Wale is predominantly vertical column of needle loops produced by same needle knitting at successive knitting cycle. • Course: Course is a predominantly horizontal row of loops produced by adjacent needles during the same knitting cycle. • Course Length : In weft knitting, the term ‘course length’ refers to the measurement of a straight length of yarn knitted by all or a fraction of the needles in the production of a particular course. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  43. Some Important Terminology cont.. • Gauge/ Machine Gauge : Gauge is the term used to describe the needle spacing. It can be defined as the number of needles per unit inch. • The gauge is the major factor in determining the fabric density and appearance. www.AssignmentPoint.com

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  45. Basic Knitting Elements • Latch needle The needle consists of six main parts: • Stem – Used to hold the course of old loops  • Hook – The hook is used to catch a thread and form loops. • Rivet – Holds the latch in place and allows it to pivot. • Latch – The latch combines the task performed by the presser bar and the beard of the bearded needle. • Butt – The butt enables the movement of the needle to be controlled by a cam mechanism.  A track raises and lowers the needle. • Tail – Used to provide support to the needle www.AssignmentPoint.com

  46. Basic Knitting Elements cont… • CAMS • The knitting cams are hardened steels and they are the assembly of different cam plates so that a track for butt can be arranged. Each needle movement is obtained by means of cams acting on the needle butts. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  47. Yarn Feeding to Needle www.AssignmentPoint.com

  48. Knitting cam: • Knitting is an element which acts directly on to the butts of needles or other elements to produce individual or serial movement. • Knitting cams are attached, either individually or in unit form, to a cam plate and depending upon the machine design, are fixed, exchangeable or adjustable. www.AssignmentPoint.com

  49. Basic Knitting Elements cont… • Knitting Cams/Stitches: Based on the arrangements knitting stitches are of three types as well as the cams also. • There are three types of cams and as according, three types of Knitted Stitches. • Knit Cam (Stitch), • Tuck Cam (Stitch), • Miss Cam (Stitch). www.AssignmentPoint.com

  50. Basic Knitting Elements cont… • Knit Stitch : • The knit stitch is the basic stitch. It is also called the plain stitch. Knit stitch is formed when the needle carries out a complete cycle, reaching the maximum height on the looping plane. www.AssignmentPoint.com

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