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Cell Chart Review

Cell Chart Review . “little organs” each one performs a specialized function that enables the cells to survive. found only inside eukaryotic cells. Embryonic Stem Cells . Eukaryotic cells, found in animals.

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Cell Chart Review

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  1. Cell Chart Review “little organs” each one performs a specialized function that enables the cells to survive. found only inside eukaryotic cells

  2. Embryonic Stem Cells Eukaryotic cells, found in animals. In early development these cells have the potential to become any cell in the body. Currently stem cells can be harvested from embryos, cord blood, and now some adult cells can be induced to turn back the clock and become stem cells. Stem cell research may hold the answer to many questions about human health and disease. It can be controversial due to the harvesting of cells from human embryos.

  3. Cell Membrane • Regulates what goes in and out of the cell “doorman” • Selectively permeable

  4. Fluid-mosaic model of the cell membrane Proteins

  5. Cell Wall • protects the PLANT cell and maintains its shape • located outside of the cell membrane • made of cellulose in plants • NOTE: prokaryotes and fungi have a cell wall too!

  6. Cytoplasm suspends organelles “jelly-like”

  7. Nucleolus Makes ribosomes Located inside the nucleus

  8. Nucleus, DNA, Nuclear Membrane (NM) Nucleus: houses the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA; controls reproduction and metabolism “brain” DNA: Gentic material NM:surrounds nucleus, contains pores

  9. Ribosomes Make proteins

  10. Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) Can be Rough or Smooth Rough E.R.:contains ribosomes; a system of tubes and sacs that transport these proteins “highway”

  11. Smooth E.R. No ribosomes builds lipid molecules also detoxifies the cell of poisons or toxins, including drugs or medicine.

  12. Golgi Apparatus and Vesicles Golgi Apparatus: modifies, stores, and packages proteins and other chemical products to their next destinations processing and shipping center “UPS” Products are “shipped” in vesicles

  13. Vesicles (bottom of cell chart) “shipping containers” - move products (proteins, water, waste) into, out of, and within a cell

  14. Organelles work together…

  15. Vacuoles • Central Vacuole in Plants - stores water and salts, causes cells to expand • Animals - stores undigested nutrients

  16. Paramecium – Contractile Vacuole • pump out excess water that diffuses into the cell

  17. Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes or expose food “garbage disposal” help destroy harmful bacteria “suicide sacs” Recycle damaged organelles “recycling center” Lysosomes

  18. Tadpoles loose their tails when the lysosomes open at the base of their bodies

  19. Organelles work together…

  20. Chloroplasts - capture sunlight and transforms it into carbohydrates (glucose) - photosynthesis - contains green pigment - chlorophyll

  21. Mitochondria “Powerhouse” – make energy Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use

  22. Cytoskeleton maintains cell shape and protects the cell

  23. Cilia and Flagella • Cilia: short hair-like extensions • Flagella:long tail-like extenstions • Both aid in movement

  24. Cilia in our Lungs

  25. Centrioles • Animal cells only • Paired structures • Move chromosomes during cell division

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