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Cell Review

Learn about the structures that make up prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the functions of essential organelles such as chloroplast and mitochondria, and the key differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms.

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Cell Review

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  1. Cell Review

  2. What structures make up prokaryotic cells? • Cell wall • Cell membrane • Cytoplasm • Ribosomes • DNA/RNA

  3. What sets eukaryotic cells apart from prokaryotic cells? • Internal membrane bound structures like the nucleus

  4. Which organisms are make up of prokaryotic cells? • bacteria

  5. Which organisms are made of eukaryotic cells? • Protists • Fungi • Plants • animals

  6. What structures are found in plant cells but not animal cells? • Cell wall • Chloroplast • vacuoles

  7. What are the functions of the cell membrane? • Maintaining cellular homeostasis • Provides structure and support • Regulates what materials enters and leaves

  8. What is the function of chloroplast? • Photosynthesis • Collect sunlight energy and convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen • Produces food for the plant

  9. What cell organelle is shown below? • chloroplast

  10. Why do many scientists believe that the mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from prokaryotic cells? • They are composed of double membranes • They have circular DNA • They have similar reproduction

  11. How do unicellular organisms differ from multicellular organisms? • Unicellular organisms are made up of a single cell that must perform all of the life tasks • Multicellular organisms are made up of many cells which may divide the life functions amongst many specialized cells

  12. What is the structure and function of a ribosome? • they assemble proteins (protein synthesis) • They are composed of RNA and protein but are not membrane bound

  13. What is the structure and function of the cell wall? • They are composed of complex carbohydrates • Support and protection

  14. Hairlike projections on the cell membrane are called… • cilia • They are for locomotion

  15. Long, whip-like projections from the cell membrane are called… • Flagella • Are used for locomotion

  16. What is the function of the mitochondria? • To produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP • Carries out cellular respiration to produce energy

  17. What cellular organelle is shown below? • Mitochondria

  18. What is the function of the lysosome? • Uses enzymes to break down cellular waste • It is the clean up crew of the cell

  19. What cellular organelle is shown below? • Lysosome

  20. What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? • Transports substances like protein around the cell

  21. What cellular organelles are shown below? • Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi apparatus

  22. What is the function of the golgi apparatus? • Alter and package cellular proteins for transport within and out of the cell

  23. What is the function of the vacuole? • To store water, food, etc.

  24. Which biomolecule is shaped like rings and has a 1:2:1 ratio of C, H, O? • Carbohydrates • Single rings are monosaccharides like glucose • Double rings are disaccharides like sucrose • Many rings are polysaccharides like starch

  25. Which biomolecules have no monomers and have a much greater than 2:1 ratio of H to O? • Lipids (fats, oils, waxes)

  26. Which biomolcules are found in chains and contain C, H, O, and N? • Proteins • Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions

  27. Put the levels of organization in order from least to most complex… • Atom • Molecule • Organelle • Cell • Tissue • Organ • Organ system • organism

  28. When a substance enters an enzyme to be catalyzed it is called a… • Substrate

  29. When substances exit an enzyme after being catalyzed they are called… • Products

  30. What happens to an enzyme once it has catalyzed a reaction? • It is reused

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