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Understanding Cell Structure and Transport Mechanisms in Plant and Animal Cells

This text explores the differences between plant and animal cells, highlighting key organelles such as vacuoles, lysosomes, and chloroplasts. It discusses the processes of osmosis, diffusion, and various forms of transport including facilitated diffusion and exocytosis. The significance of the phospholipid bilayer and the role of specific organelles in energy production and protein synthesis is also examined. Additionally, the text touches on the historical context of cellular discovery and the concepts of homeostasis and turgor pressure.

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Understanding Cell Structure and Transport Mechanisms in Plant and Animal Cells

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  1. The Cell Review

  2. Osmosis is a form of ________transport. • passive

  3. List 2 ways in which plant and animal cells are structurally different. • Animals cell = many vacuoles, Centrioles and Lysosomes • Plant cell= large water vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall

  4. What part of a phospholipid would be touching water? • Phosphate head

  5. What type of cells are plant and animal cells? • Eukaryotic Cells

  6. Organelle: Site of chemical reactions; holds organelles • cytoplasm

  7. What type of eukaryotic cell is the following? • Plant

  8. The shape of the cell depends on its _______. • function

  9. Identify: • Mitochondria

  10. The movement of materials across the plasma membrane by the use of transport proteins is called____________________. • Facilitated diffusion

  11. Organelle: Contains digestive enzymes that break down molecules • Lysosomes

  12. Suppose a ribosome attached to the rough ER made a protein. Where will it go next? • Golgi body

  13. List one difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. • Prokaryotic cells = no nucleus; no membrane bound organelles • Eukaryotic cells = nucleus; have membrane bound organelles

  14. The plasma membrane of the cell is specific in what is allowed to enter and exit the cell. This is an example of_________________. • Selectively permeable or • Semi-permeable

  15. A function of chloroplasts would be ____________________. • Photosynthesis

  16. Identify: • Water Vacuole

  17. When food is pushed out of the paramecium, (one celled protist) this process is called______. • Exocytosis

  18. What part of a phospholipid would be NOT be touching water? • Fatty Acid Tails

  19. This macromolecule is found among the phospholipids and helps prevent the fatty acid tails from sticking together. • Cholesterol

  20. Identify: • Nucleolus

  21. Which scientist came up with the word “cell” based on the cells where monks lived? • Robert Hooke

  22. The pressure that exists inside a plant cell when it swells is _________ pressure • turgor

  23. What part of the phospholipid would be touching water? • Phosphate head

  24. What is the significance of all the folds in the mitochondria? • The folds increase the surface area so this small organelle can make a lot of energy

  25. What would be the normal environment for a plant cell? • Hypotonic

  26. Organelle: Provides support for plant cells • Cell Wall

  27. Osmosis does not occur when a cell is placed into a(n) _______ solution • isotonic

  28. Why does active transport use cellular energy? • Active transports moves molecules from an area of LOW to HIGH concentration (against the concentration gradient)

  29. Identify: • Chloroplast

  30. The first person to observe and describe microscopic organisms and living cells was • Anton Leeuenhoek

  31. What type of active transport is used to remove wastes and mucus from a cell? • Exocytosis

  32. How are the mitochondria and chloroplast similar? • Both help make energy

  33. 1.____________________ 2____________ Phospholipid Molecule • 1 = phosphate head • 2= lipid tails

  34. What type(s) of solution(s) would you want to avoid in your IV before going into surgery? • Hypertonic • Hypotonic

  35. Are phosphate heads hydrophobic or hydrophilic? • Hydrophilic

  36. Groups of two or more tissues that function together is called a(n) ________. • organ

  37. Organelle: Synthesizes (makes) proteins • ribosomes

  38. A cell membrane is a thin layer of lipids and _______________. • proteins

  39. Movement of molecules is from high to low concentrations is called ________ • Diffusion

  40. A _______ is a solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances is HIGHER than the concentration inside the cell. • Hypertonic

  41. Identify: • Golgi body

  42. Process by which a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment is called _____ • Endocytosis

  43. The loss of turgor pressure is called __________ • plasmolysis

  44. Maintaining a constant internal environment despite changing external conditions is called ___ • Homeostasis

  45. Organelle: Site of RNA synthesis • Nucleolus

  46. Movement of molecules without using cellular energy is called _________ • Passive transport

  47. What type of cell are bacteria? • Prokaryotic cell

  48. Organelle: Acts like a conveyer belt (transports proteins) • Rough ER

  49. Organelle: Control center for all cell functions • Nucleus

  50. A ________ is a solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances is LOWER than the concentration inside the cell. • Hypotonic

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