Information Sciences & Technology Building University Park, PA

1. Information Sciences & Technology Building University Park, PA Melissa Rosol Construction Management April 16, 2003 Senior Thesis Presentation

2. Agenda Project Team Owner’s Expectations Project Background • Introduction • Foundation Analysis • Atrium Redesign • Floor Finishes • Research: MOLD in the Construction Industry • Conclusion/Questions

3. Introduction • Project Team/Organization OWNER: P.S.U. JOINT VENTURE CM AGENCY ARCHITECT: Perfido Weiskopf Architects ENGINEERS: Dewhurst Macfarlane & Partners Ove Arup & Partners CONSTRUCTION MANAGER: Turner Construction. ARCHITECT: Raphael Vinoly Architects COST PLUS, LUMP SUM LUMP SUM CONTRACT SUBCONTRACTORS

4. Introduction • Owner’s Expectations: • Safety of students, faculty, and others on campus. • Keep the project under budget. • Keep the project on schedule. • High quality construction • How to accomplish these goals: • Evaluate building and its systems • Look for potential cost and schedule reductions; but upholding quality. • Implement quality control plans.

5. Introduction • Project Size: 207,000 ft2 • Building Costs/Overall Budget: $45 million/$58.5 million • Schedule: September 2001 thru December 2003 • Site:

6. Agenda • Introduction • Foundation Analysis • Atrium Redesign • Floor Finish Alternatives • Research: MOLD in the Construction Industry • Conclusion/Questions 3 Systems Cost Savings Schedule Reduction Constructability

7. Foundation Analysis • Investigated 3 systems: • Combination of Mini Piles and Spread Footings (Existing System) • All Mini Pile System • All Spread Footings System

8. Foundation Analysis Costs Include: Material, Labor, and Equipment. Costs derived from R.S. Means and information from contractors.

9. Foundation Analysis SCHEDULE WEST EAST Combination System: 125 days 95 days All Mini Piles: 135 days 125 days All Spread Footings: 330 days 302 days

10. Foundation Analysis • CONCLUSIONS All Mini Piles • Work well for high loads, may not be necessary for smaller loads; may add time to schedule All Spread Footings • Work well for smaller loads, but become too large at loads > 200 kips Combination System • Good balance between high and low loads. 

11. Agenda • Introduction • Foundation Analysis • Atrium Redesign • Floor Finish Alternatives • Research: MOLD in the Construction Industry • Conclusion/Questions Structural Components Cost Schedule Advantages/Disadvantages

12. Atrium Redesign • Existing Atrium Design

13. Atrium Redesign • Existing Atrium Design Concerns • Weather in State College • Proper drainage • Potential of condensation on curtain wall

14. Atrium Redesign • Redesign Atrium

15. Atrium Redesign • Costs • Durations: • Original Design 30 days • Atrium Redesign 60 days Costs derived from R.S. Means.

16. Atrium Redesign  • Conclusions Advantages to new design: • Pedestrians will be sheltered from the weather, therefore less likely to walk thru café area • Drainage is less of an issue, since water will not be coming directly into the building • Risk of icicles forming on curtain wall (although highly unlikely) will be eliminated. Disadvantages to new design: • Takes away from a strong architectural aspect • The extra glazing adds a greater amount of weight, affecting the entire structure (i.e. framing, foundations, vertical curtain wall system) • Add costs and time 

17. Agenda • Introduction • Foundation Analysis • Atrium Redesign • Floor Finish Alternatives • Research: MOLD in the Construction Industry • Conclusion/Questions 3 Alternatives Cost Savings Schedule Constructability

18. Floor Finish Alternatives • Investigated 3 types of finishes: Concrete Grinding (Existing Finish) Terrazzo (thin set) Epoxy/Urethane Coating 1 2 3 Pictures from: 1. Aldon Chemical Company; 2. Depaoli Mosaic Co.; 3. Tennant Co. Websites

19. Floor Finish Alternatives • Costs (upfront)/Durations Construction costs supplied by contractors. Maintenance costs derived from various companies suggestions.

20. Floor Finish Alternatives • Life Cycle Costs Summary: Ground Concrete: $31.15/sq ft Terrazzo: $30.08/sq ft Epoxy Coating: $27.65/sq ft

21. Floor Finish Alternatives • Conclusions Terrazzo  KEY:  - High;  - Medium;  - Low

22. Agenda • Introduction • Foundation Analysis • Atrium Redesign • Floor Finish Alternatives • Research: MOLD in the Building Industry • Conclusion/Questions

23. Research: MOLD in the Building Industry MOLD in the Building Industry Picture from Holland & Knight LLP.

24. Research:MOLD in the Building Industry • Background • What is mold? A microscopic fungi that lives on organic matter. • Impact on the Industry Legal Issues Health Concerns Scheduling • ‘Action Plan’ • FIND MOLD • PREVENT MOLD

25. Research:MOLD in the Building Industry • ‘Action Plan’: What to do if you FIND MOLD on the project. • Contacts • Report incident • Contact Professional/Qualified Agency • Tests/Inspection • Visual Testing • Bulk and Surface Testing • Air Testing

26. Research:MOLD in the Building Industry • ‘Action Plan’:What to do if you FIND MOLD on the project. III.. Remediation • Determine Contaminated Areas. • Fix Water Source • Safety • Seal off affected area(s). • Turn of HVAC and A/C. • Properly clean and/or remove infected materials

27. Research: MOLD in the Building Industry • ‘Action Plan’:Ways to PREVENT MOLD from growing in the building. • Preconstruction • Proper design • Perform constructability reviews • Construction • Control Moisture • Reduce air humidity (<60%) • Fix leaks within 24-72 hours • Implement quality control program • Schedule appropriately • Keep building clean

28. Research:MOLD in the Building Industry • ‘Action Plan’:Ways to PREVENT MOLD from growing in the building. • Postconstruction • Properly maintain building and its systems • Learn from past experiences • EDUCATE….EDUCATE….EDUCATE

29. Agenda • Introduction • Foundation Analysis • Atrium Redesign • Floor Finish Alternatives • Research: MOLD in the Building Industry • Conclusion/Questions

30. Conclusions • Conclusions DescriptionSuggestions Foundation Analysis Combination System Atrium Design Investigate Floor Finishes Epoxy or Terrazzo Mold Action Plan 

31. Acknowledgements Turner Construction Co.: Including, Anne Pernell Shawn Bell Chris Magent Brian Kimmel John Obrieter Ralph Melocchi Doug Antanitus P.S.U., Architectural Engineering Faculty: Including, Moses Ling Jonathan Dougherty Dr. Horman Dr. Messner Dr. Riley Dr. Hannigan Dr. Schneider P.S.U. Office of Physical Plant Raphael Vinoly/Perfido Weiskopf Architects Dewhurst Macfarlane Eng. Ove Arup Inc Nicholson Construction Stewart Amos Steel L.S. Fiore Nittany Building Supplies and Equipment Bob Biter Electric Encompass Dirk Haire Amy Graver Family & Friends

32. QUESTIONS????

33. Foundation Analysis • Design Mini Piles: Structural P = 0.5FyAs + 0.45f’cAc P= 250 kips Geotechnical P = σ∏dL Assume 6’ min. bedrock

34. Foundation Analysis • Design Spread Footings: q = P/A q = bearing capacity of soil = 2000 psf P = vertical column load Overall Total cy concrete original: 900 Total cy concrete redesign: 4000

35. Atrium Redesign • Design Assumptions • Gravity Design Analysis • AISC 3rd Edition • 50 ksi steel • 1 ¼ “ Insulated, Laminated glass

36. Atrium Redesign • Atrium Framing Original Tonnage: 4.15 Redesign tonnage: 20.66 • Bridge structure – 300 tons of steel Original framing made up 1.4% Redesign framing add an additional 6%

37. Atrium Redesign

38. Floor Finishes • Maintenance costs Concrete Grinding: Annually $0.46/sq ft. x 30,000 sq ft = $13,800 Once in 5 yrs $1.00/sq ft. x 30,000 sq ft = $30,000(5) TOTAL = $99,000 Terrazzo: Annually $0.46/sq ft. x 30,000 sq ft = $13,800(5) TOTAL = $69,000 Epoxy/Urethane Coating: Annually $0.46/sq ft. x 30,000 sq ft = $13,800 Once in 5 yrs $1.00/sq ft. x 30,000 sq ft = $30,000(5) TOTAL = $99,000 Maintenance costs from Master Terrazzo Technologies

39. Floor Finishes • Square Foot Costs