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Notes 15.1

Notes 15.1. Forming Solutions. Forming Solutions. A solution is a homogenous mixture, a mixture in which the components are uniformly intermingled. Solutions can also be solids- brass is a homogeneous mixture of copper and zinc.

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Notes 15.1

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  1. Notes 15.1 Forming Solutions

  2. Forming Solutions • A solution is a homogenous mixture, a mixture in which the components are uniformly intermingled. • Solutions can also be solids- brass is a homogeneous mixture of copper and zinc. • The substance present in the largest amount is called the solvent and the other substance or substances are called solutes. • Aqueous solutions are solutions with water as the solvent.

  3. Solubility • It is important to remember that when an ionic substance dissolves in water, it breaks up into individual cations and anions, which are dispersed in the water. • Water also dissolves many nonionic substances (polar)- sugar, ethanol due to their structure page 522 • Many substances do not dissolve in water – nonpolar substances ( oil) • Like dissolves like- a given solvent usually dissolves solutes that have properties similar to their own.

  4. Solution Composition • When a solution contains as much solute as will dissolve at that temperature, we say it is saturated • A solution that has not reached the limit of solute that will dissolve in it is said to be unsaturated • Supersaturated solution- it contains more dissolved solid than a saturated solution will hold at that temperature ( very unstable) • A relatively large amount of solute is dissolved in a concentrated solution ( strong coffee) • A relatively small amount of solute is dissolved in a dilute solution ( weak coffee)

  5. Factors affecting the rate of dissolving • Three factors affect the speed of the dissolving process: • surface area- the greater the amount of surface area exposed to the solvent, the faster dissolving will occur • stirring- removes newly dissolved particles from the solid surface and continuously exposes the surface to fresh solvent • temperature- higher temperatures cause the solvent particles to move more rapidly, thus increasing the rate of the dissolving process • most solids are more soluble at higher temperatures • the solubility of a gas in water typically decreases as the temperature increases ( flat soda )

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