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Change in the Sixties and Seventies. The Music of Youth: Rock ’n ’ Roll. Rock ’n ’ Roll Alan Freed ( 1921–1965 ) “rhythm and blues” Elvis Presley ( 1935–1977 ) “Folk” Music Peter Seeger ( b . 1919) Joan Baez ( b . 1941) Bob Dylan ( b . 1941) The Kingston Trio Peter, Paul, and Mary.
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The Music of Youth:Rock ’n’ Roll • Rock ’n’ Roll • Alan Freed (1921–1965) • “rhythm and blues” • Elvis Presley (1935–1977) • “Folk” Music • Peter Seeger (b. 1919) • Joan Baez (b. 1941) • Bob Dylan (b. 1941) • The Kingston Trio • Peter, Paul, and Mary
The British Invasion:The Beatles • John Lennon (1940–1980) • Paul McCartney (b. 1942) • George Martin (b. 1926) • “Concept albums”
A New Challenge • Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967)
Rock ’n’ Roll Becomes Rock • The Who, Tommy (1969) • Rock opera • “progressive rock”
Fusion • Jazz-rock fusion • Miles Davis (1926–1991) • In a Silent Way (1969); Bitches Brew (1970) • Third Stream • GuntherSchuller (b. 1925) • confluence of Western art music and jazz • Modern Jazz Quartet
The Rise of Minimalism • Minimalism • “pattern and process music” • experimental classical tradition • non-Western music • jazz and rock
La Monte Young (b. 1935) • Composition 1960 No. 7 • B-F# “hold for a long time” • String Trio • PanditPranNath • Marian Zazeela (b. 1940) • Theater of Eternal Music
Riley’s In C • Terry Riley (b. 1935) • Mescalin Mix • tape loops • In C (1964) • 53 numbered “modules” for “any number of any kind of instruments”
“Classical” Minimalism:Steve Reich • Steve Reich (b. 1936) • West African Drumming and Balinese gamelan • It’s Gonna Rain (1965) • Come Out (1966) • tape pieces • phasing
Phase Music • Piano Phase (1967) • for two pianos • phasing for performers • Drumming (1971) • “rhythmic construction” “rhythmic reduction”
Reich’s Music for 18 Musicians • [Anthology 3-56] • Percussion and keyboard instruments, electronically amplified solo strings, winds, and voices
Philip Glass • Studied at the University of Chicago and Julliard • Received a Fulbright to study with Nadia Boulanger • Worked with Ravi Shankar
Philip Glass • Strung Out (1967) • for solo amplified violin • pentatonic module subjected to variations • Two Pages for Steve Reich (1968) • scored for the Philip Glass Ensemble • Music in Twelve Parts (1971–74)
Einstein on the Beach • [Anthology 3-57] • Collaboration with Robert Wilson • Rented the Metropolitan Opera House in NY • Postmodern Gesamtkunstwerk
The Holy Minimalists • ArvoPärt (b. 1935) • influence of Medieval music, sound of bells (“tintinnabular” style) • Symphony No. 3 (1971) • Fratres • Cantus in memoriam Benjamin Britten • Tabula rasa [Anthology 3-58]
The Holy Minimalists • HenrykGórecki (1933–2010) • strictly diatonic, highly repetitive • Third Symphony (1976) • recording sold over 1 million copies