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Teaching and Learning Paradigms: Epistemological Differences

This work delves into the diverse epistemological foundations that shape teaching and learning paradigms. It examines how various philosophical theories, including Constructivism, Empiricism, and Cognitivism, influence educational practices. Key educators like Piaget and Vygotsky are highlighted, alongside classroom interventions including Inquiry Learning and Cooperative Learning. The paper raises critical questions regarding the purpose of schooling and the role of external factors, pushing for a nuanced understanding of knowledge, skills, and the development of future citizens.

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Teaching and Learning Paradigms: Epistemological Differences

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  1. Teaching and Learning Paradigms: Epistemological Differences Mary M. Brabeck Steinhardt School New York University

  2. Epistemology: Ways of Knowing • The philosophical investigation of knowledge including its origin, nature, method and limits • B. B. Wolman: Dictionary of Behavioral Sciences (Van Norstrand Reinhold Co., 1973)

  3. Theory of knowledge makes a difference • Jerome Frank • Philosophers: • Plato - Socrates - Constructivism • Aristotle – Empiricism – Behaviorism • Descartes – Chomsky- Nativism • Kant - Rawls – Piaget – Cognitivism • Popper – Perry – Reflective Thinking • Husserl- Merleau-Ponty - Humanism • Foucault – Post modernism - Deconstruction

  4. Theory matters • Cognitivism: • Piaget’s stage theory • Vygotsky’ sociocultural theory • Sternberg’s information processing • Gardner’s multiple intelligence • Fischer’s developmental systems

  5. Theory matters • Thorndike versus Dewey • Different view of learner • Different view of evidence • Different view of science of learning

  6. Classroom interventions • Lecturing – convey information • Inquiry Learning – foster creativity and curiosity • Questioning – stimulate interest • Drill and worksheets – master skills • Direct Instruction – develop responses • Simulations - increase empathy, understanding • Case study – problem solving • Computer assisted instruction – analysis and synthesis • Service learning – citizenship, empathy • Co-operative learning – group processes • Independent work – synthesis • Tutoring - remediation

  7. Focus on Learning • Learner centered • Knowledge centered • Assessment centered • Contextualized • NCR: How People Learn (2003)

  8. Questions beyond Epistemology • What is the purpose of schooling? • Promote knowledge, skills abilities • Promote creativity • Develop citizens for the future

  9. Questions beyond Epistemology • What is the role of external factors?

  10. Questions beyond Epistemology • What is the optimal match?

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