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the Fall of New France

the Fall of New France. The 7 years war. Conflict: France vs. Britain . Conflict over control of the Fur Trade (economic battles, skirmishes, and settlement expansion to control land) Join wars: King William’s war (1689-97), Queen Ann’s War (1701-13), War of Austrian Succession (1740-48)

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the Fall of New France

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  1. the Fall of New France The 7 years war

  2. Conflict: France vs. Britain • Conflict over control of the Fur Trade • (economic battles, skirmishes, and settlement expansion to control land) • Join wars: King William’s war (1689-97), Queen Ann’s War (1701-13), War of Austrian Succession (1740-48) • Pieces of land in N America switch hands several times as result • Final conflict/ fight for the Continent = 7 years war

  3. Expansion leading to 7 year’s war • Britain: HBC expanding/ controlling land around Hudson’s Bay • French construct Louisbourg Fortress on Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia)on mouth of St. Lawrence to protect fur trade in Quebec, fishing on Grand Banks • As result, Britain Builds fortress of Halifax (Nova Scotia) • Britain Deports the Acadians (see p. 67/ 68 Canada: revisited)

  4. 7 Year’s War (map p. 70) • 13 colonies want to expand westward, but are blocked by French in Ohio River Valley • Conflict breaks out – WAR!!! • Britain attacks and defeats Louisbourg (opens way to Quebec) • Britain captures Fort Frontenac in Ohio River Valley – driving French to last major holding: Quebec

  5. Battle for Quebec (map p. 71) • British forces commander: James Wolfe (young, and often sick, just had victory at Louisbourg) • Quebec (French) commander: Marquis de Montcalm (conflicts with governor of Quebec – less effective leadership) • Wolfe fires Cannons/ attacks Quebec from river (lasts 3 months) • French send out fire ships - fail • Montcalm waits in fortress knowing winter will force Britain to leave, and he can get reinforcements in winter

  6. Battle for Quebec (map p. 71) 4. Wolfe burns deserted farms (trying to lessen men in Quebec) 5. New Plan: Wolfe sneaks men to a small cove at night, and has 4500 soldiers facing Quebec on the Plains of Abraham at Dawn • Montcalm believes he can beat English without reinforcements and leaves Quebec to fight 7. French Misfire early, Wolfe waits to last moment to fire

  7. Battle for Quebec (map p. 71) • Battle lasts 15 minutes – French Retreat to Quebec • Both Wolfe and Montcalm are killed • Crucial battle – Quebec will soon fall, then Montreal • 1763: France surrenders and New France officially belongs to Britain

  8. Questions • Why did the 7 years’ war begin? • Why was the fortress of Louisbourg so important for the British to capture? • Read the Description of both Wolfe and Montcalm on p. 74. Which do you think is a better leader? Use facts on this page to explain your choice. • Why do you think Montcalm left the fortress of Quebec to fight the British on the Plains of Abraham? • Explain why the French lost the Seven years war

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