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Political Institutions of the PRC

Political Institutions of the PRC. Structure of the Party State. Design Features Guardianship Describes the main relationship between the Communist Party and society Mass line Party Organization Democratic centralism – Leninist principle Guanxi

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Political Institutions of the PRC

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  1. Political Institutions of the PRC

  2. Structure of the Party State • Design Features • Guardianship • Describes the main relationship between the Communist Party and society • Mass line • Party Organization • Democratic centralism – Leninist principle • Guanxi • 66 million members of the CCP (bigger than all but 22 countries)

  3. The Mass Line Principle • Mao’s idea that a line of communication between party leaders and the public would allow all to struggle toward realization of the goals of a communist state

  4. Guanxi • Patron-client relationships in China • Connections that can lead to advancement within the CCP

  5. Structure of the Party State: Government Structures – Legislative • National People’s Congress (NPC) • According to Constitution, formal power of governing rests with the NPC • Elected for five-year terms by delegates in provincial-level congresses and the armed forces • 2,591 members assemble once annually for a plenary session of about two weeks • Formally has extensive powers: amendment of the constitution, passage and amendment of legislation, approval of economic plans, etc. • Central Committee’s Standing Committee functions when NPC is not in session

  6. The National People’s Congress

  7. The National People’s Congress

  8. Structure of the Party State - Executives • State Council • The premier (or prime minister) is the head of government • President- Head of State – mainly a ceremonial office, but recently the president has also been the general secretary of the CCP which means he’s had much more power • Elected for 5-year terms by NPC • As in most parliamentary systems, the bulk of legislation is drafted by specialized ministries and commissions under the direction of the cabinet

  9. Premier Wen Jiabao

  10. President Hu Jintao

  11. Communist Party Leadership – Judiciary • Supreme People’s Court • Supreme People’s Procuratorate • Bridge between public security agencies and the courts

  12. Structure of the Party State • Party Structures • National Party Congress (2,000 delegates) • Central Committee (150-200 people) • Exercises the powers of the congress between sessions • Chinese political elites • Politburo – about 24 people who run the party’s day-to-day business

  13. Structure of the Party State • People’s Liberation Army • Does not dictate policy to party leaders, but it is the self-appointed guardian of Chinese sovereignty and nationalism. • CCP has significant influence over PLA, despite fact that the constitution formally establishes chain of command through the National People’s Congress (NPC)

  14. The People’s Liberation Army

  15. The People’s Liberation Army

  16. Structure of the Party State • Party Dominance • Nomenklatura system – the pool from which the political and economic elite is chosen • The most important mechanism by which the Communist Party exerts control over officials

  17. Policymaking and Implementation • Three tiers in policymaking: • Politburo and its Standing Committee • Leading small groups (LSGs) • Relevant party departments and government ministries

  18. Policy Performance • Economic Growth • Success story; opening up to foreign trade and investment • Trade balances in China’s favor • Decentralization • Reform of SOEs • “Socialism with Chinese characteristics” • Environmental Degradation • Economic growth = serious environmental damage • “First development, then environment”

  19. Policy Performance • Population Control • Little regulation during Maoist years; 1978 population close to a billion • One-child family policy • State-sponsored family planning added to the constitution • Ideal family had one child • Most couples required to stop childbearing after one or two births • Married couples in urban areas restricted to one child • In rural areas, married couples are subject to rules that differ across provinces. In some, two children permitted. In others, only one child permitted; in most provinces, a second child is permitted only if the first is a girl. • Difficult to implement; many sons ideal: a married daughter joins the household of her husband, while a married son remains in the household to support aging parents. • Policy implementation • Carrots and sticks utilized to encourage one child policy • Perverse outcomes • Shortage of girls • Sex-selective abortions

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