INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2. Origins

3. Why Britain? • Cause #1 • The benefits of empire • Large navy • Post – 1698 largest and most efficient trader of slaves. Also main trader of wool and woolen cloth • By 1775 possessed more land and people than two main European rivals French and Dutch

4. Colonies in the Americas, Africa, Australia, and Asia – raw materials and labor resources • Half of the world’s sea trade carried by Britain

5. Cause #2 – France Takes a Beating • Napoleonic Wars take a huge toll on Britain’s top competition

6. Cause #3 – Favorable Natural Conditions • Damp climate • Made it easy to work cotton into cloth • Coal • Heating and energy resource • Iron ore • Waterways and natural harbors • Cheaper and effective routes of trade

7. Cause #4 – Agricultural Revolution1700-1800 • JethroTull – First modern farmer • Invented the seed drill • Seeds that are evenly spread Grow better than when they Are simply scattered

8. Seed Drill – Then and Now

9. Agricultural Revolution Continued • Larger farms • Increase in production • More efficient farming • leads to more migration away from the countryside as enclosures become more common • Less money spent on farming means more money spent on industrial and commercial development

11. Agricultural Revolution Results In: • More efficient food production • Cheaper food • More disposable income – less $ spent on food • Lower death rates and boost in population – healthier and more constant diets help battle diseases, also increased demand for goods • Less workers needed in rural areas – one reason for higher migration to urban centers in the future

12. Cause #5 – Political Stability • Constitutional Monarchy – Glorious Revolution 1688-1689 • Britain has a King, House of Lords, and House of Commons where all three have a voice in government • Other countries only have a king or queen who rules by “Divine Right” or “God’s Right” • Britain has a more stable government that has more balance of power • House of Commons represented families with money and land • Government did what landowners and merchants wanted because they have a say in Parliament • A stable government encourages wealthy people to invest their money in industry

13. Cause #6 –More Free Trade • No internal tariffs • Traders do not pay a toll to use canals or roadways • Cheaper to transport goods and resources

14. Cause #7 – Central banking • Central bank created in 1694 • A bank system used by the whole country • Everyone uses the same currency • Using the same currency makes it easier to invest money and to get loans

15. Key Technological Advancements - #1 Inventions • Work that Cotton! • 1764 James Hargreaves invents the Spinning Jenny • Multi-spool spinning wool allowing one person to work up to 8 spools of yarn at once

16. Work that Cotton cont. • 1768 Richard Arkwright invented the water frame • Used water to power a spinning frame, thereby decreasing the number of human operators

17. Work that Cotton - final • 1779 Samuel Crompton invents the Spinning Mule • Improvement on the water frame because it allowed more than one spool of yarn to be worked at once

18. Technological Advancement #2 – Steam Power • 1698 invention of the steam engine • 1765 improvement of the steam engine • 1820’s railroads and George Stephenson’s Rocket

19. Key Technological Advancement - #2 Factory System • 1770’s Arkwright develops the factory system • All under one roof • Central source of power • Division of labor • All this equals MORE EFFICIENT