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Terror in Mumbai

Terror in Mumbai. Kerry Cao Tian Qin Marcus Chong Edmond Chen Huang Juncheng. Contents. Introduction Causes Impacts Role of Governments Lessons to be learnt Measures against terrorism. Why Mumbai?. Mumbai Formerly Bombay Most populous city in India

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Terror in Mumbai

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  1. Terror in Mumbai Kerry Cao Tian Qin Marcus Chong Edmond Chen Huang Juncheng

  2. Contents • Introduction • Causes • Impacts • Role of Governments • Lessons to be learnt • Measures against terrorism

  3. Why Mumbai? • Mumbai • Formerly Bombay • Most populous city in India • Second most populous city worldwide • Commercial & Entertainment centre of India • Richest city in India ie. Perfect terrorist target

  4. Why Mumbai? • Aimed at getting international attention • Hatred for Europeans (eg. British) and Americans • Payback for western strikes on terrorists around the world • Successful and deadly Mumbai bombings in 2006 prompted terrorists to strike again.

  5. Summary • Started on 26 November 2008 • Lasted for three days. • Killed 179 people • Including at least 22 foreigners. • Over 300 injuries

  6. Timeline • 21 November • Pakistani terrorists leave Pakistan by boat. • 23 November • They hijack an Indian crawler, Kuber, and force the captain to sail to India. • 26 November • Attacks begin

  7. Attacks • 2 terrorists attack Leopold Café, a popular restaurant and bar. • 10 people are killed. • Terrorists plant bombs on two taxis, killing 5 people.

  8. Attacks • 2 terrorists attack the ChhatrapatiShivaji Terminus railway station. • They open fire and throw grenades, killing 52 people, wounding 109. • After they attempt to hit the Cama Hospital and flee, police kills one and arrests the other. • The arrested, AjmalKasab, is the only one to be captured alive.

  9. Attacks • At the TajMahal Hotel • Huge standoff between police and terrorists, gun battles, grenade explosions,emergency evacutations. • At the Oberoi Trident Hotel • Terrorists hold many foreigners hostage • Fierce gun battles • At the Nariman House • Hostages taken, rescue operations

  10. Terrorist Group • Lashkar-e-Taiba • aka. LeT • Based in Pakistan • Most active Islamic terrorist group • Deep hatred against India

  11. Causes • Domestic causes: • Dispute between Pakistan and India over unclear territorial boundaries of Kashmir. (Since 1947)

  12. Causes • Anger over American attacks on Islamist groups like Al-Qaeda • Evidence: • Leopold Café • Frequented by foreigners • Hotels • Where many foreign VIPs were staying • eg.  European Parliament Committee on International Trade • Took many foreigners hostage

  13. Causes • Hotels targeted were old and iconic of India • Owned by Indians • Thus terrorists attacked to show their hatred towards India and Indian people.

  14. Causes • Widening gap between rich and poor • Large population • Unbalanced social and economical development in different regions • Discontent amongst minorities Leads to serious problems with terrorists.

  15. Impacts • Surface Impacts • Damage to TajMahal Hotel • Including historical artifacts and artwork • Bad reputation • Estimates • Needs to be closed for a year • Reparations cost : $112 million USD (Rs. 500 crore) • Maximum security measures put in place • Inconvenience for public

  16. Impacts • Surface Impacts • Disruption of train services • Cancellation of planes bound for Mumbai • Originally scheduled meetings of Indian groups cancelled • Offices, schools, shops closed

  17. Impacts • Economical repercussions • Decrease in tourism in Mumbai • Decrease in spending in Mumbai shopping district • Affects India’s economy since Mumbai is the country’s economic capital • General air of uncertainty and fear amongst Indian public

  18. Impacts • Extreme political tension between Pakistan and India governments. • Pakistan government moved troops towards the border. • Due to concerns about whether India would attack if they did not cooperate. • Eventually resolved after talks between them. • Support from Bush and Obama for India.

  19. Impacts • On Singapore • Death of Singaporean Lo Hoei Yen, 28 • She was staying in the Oberoi Trident and taken hostage by terrorists, then murdered. • This gives Singapore a wake-up call that no one is safe from terrorism.

  20. Role of Governments • Tension between Indian and Pakistani governments built up. • Pakistan denied the nationality of the terrorists at first • Eventually registered a case against the Pakistani nationals • India supplied evidence to Pakistan and blamed Pakistan for assisting these terrorists, which was denied by Pakistan.

  21. Role of UN (and of USA) • Under the pressure of the United Nations • Pakistan arrested members of Jamaatud-Dawa, an alias of the LeT

  22. India

  23. Before the Attack • Admitted the coast guard and navy had intelligence that a vessel carrying militants could enter Indian waters. • But the boat couldn't be intercepted due to lack of manpower/arms

  24. Measures taken by India

  25. Lessons Learnt (Singapore) The Mumbai terror attacks claimed a Singaporean victim, lawyer Lo Hwei Yen, among 24 Oberoi hotel hostages found dead. She is the first Singaporean to die in a terrorist attack.

  26. 1. Need to have crisis management teams in buildings which could provide information to the authorities as well as evacuate people. 2. Random checks on guests and restricting access to guest floors through the use of card keys. ANTI – TERRORISM POLICY 3. Seaborne threats were also being looked into, as the Mumbai attackers entered the city by boat. 4. Hotels beefed up security measures against possible attacks since five-star hotels were the targets in Mumbai.

  27. References • http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_344122.html • http://www.asianewsnet.net/news.php?id=2896&sec=1 • http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE4BA1G120081211 • http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/nov/27/mumbai-terror-attacks-india8 • http://www.gauravonomics.com/blog/real-time-citizen-journalism-in-mumbai-terrorist-attacks/ • http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/impact-of-terror-attack-on-daily-life-in-mumbai_100124301.html • http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/dec/12/mumbai-arundhati-roy

  28. References • http://www.celicasg.org/index.php?topic=4774.0;wap2 • http://www.mumbaimania.in/2008/12/after-effects-of-mumbai-terror-attacks.html • http://goindia.about.com/b/2008/11/30/the-impact-of-the-mumbai-terrorist-attacks.htm • http://www.mahalo.com/mumbai-terrorist-attacks • http://www.newsweek.com/id/171006/page/2 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba • http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-11/30/content_10436383.htm • http://www.newsweek.com/id/171006

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