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State Terror

State Terror. Content of lecture:. State terrorism internal external terrorism as an instrument of foreign policy state-sponsored state-supported. Sluka’s definition of state terror:.

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State Terror

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  1. State Terror

  2. Content of lecture: • State terrorism • internal • external • terrorism as an instrument of foreign policy • state-sponsored • state-supported

  3. Sluka’s definition of state terror: “the use or threat of violence by the state or its agents or supporters, particularly against civilian individuals and populations, as a means of political intimidation and control” (Sluka, 2000: 2)

  4. State Terrorism • Régime de la terreur, France 1793-1794 e.g. Robespierre and the Law of Suspects (1793) • Internal terrorism e.g. used against own population to subdue groups or create a climate of fear • External terrorism e.g. used as an instrument of foreign policy

  5. Internal state terrorism: • Intimidation • arbitrary detention • unfair trial • kidnapping

  6. Internal state terrorism: • Torture • physical • psychological punishment

  7. Internal state terrorism: • Coerced conversion • concentration camps • Nazi Germany • Bosnia

  8. Internal state terrorism: • Political murder • extra-judicial killings • disappearances • death squads

  9. External state terror: • Coercive diplomacy • Nixon’s bombing of Hanoi, 1972

  10. External state terror: • Covert operations • Bay of Pigs (Cuba) 1961 • Kim Hyon Hui’s plane bombing (North Korea) • overthrow of Allende in Chile

  11. Case study: Libya • 1969 coup – Gaddafi comes to power • Ambition = spearhead Arab Islamic revolution • Sales of oil = $$$$$ = sponsorship & support of terrorist groups • Abu Nidal • Red Army Faction • Carlos the Jackal • IRA

  12. Libya continued • Support – training camps, arms, safe haven e.g. 1980s 8,000 foreign terrorists trained per yr • Sponsorship – attacks on Libyan émigrés & terror attacks e.g. attacks in Vienna, Rome & Berlin • American action – bombing 1986 • Pan Am Flight 103 (Lockerbie)

  13. References and Further Reading • Combs, C.C. (2003) Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. • George, A. (ed) (1991) Western State Terrorism. Cambridge: Polity Press. • Hagan, J. and Rymond-Richmond, W. (2007) ‘The Mean Streets of the Global Village: Crimes of Exclusion in the United States and Darfur’, Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, Vol. 8(1): 1-54. • Korn, A. (2004) ‘Israeli press and the war against terrorism: The construction of the “liquidation” policy’, Crime, Law & Social Change, Vol. 41: 209-234. • Martin, G. (2006) Understanding Terrorism. London: Sage.

  14. References and Further Reading • Rolston, B. (2005) “‘An Effective Mask for Terror’: Democracy, Death Squads and Northern Ireland’, Crime, Law and Social Change, Vol. 44: 181-203. • Sluka, J.A. (2000) Death Squad. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. • Tanter, R. (1999) Rogue Regimes. Basingstoke: Macmillan. • Wardlaw, G. (1990) Political Terrorism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. • Woodworth, P. (2001) Dirty War, clean hands: ETA, the GAL and Spanish democracy. Cork: Cork University Press.

  15. Websites: • MIPT Terrorism Information Center: http://www.terrorisminfo.mipt.org/ • U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum http://www.ushmm.org/ • U.S. Department of State, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism: http://www.state.gov/s/ct/

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