Lesson 7-Animation

1. Lesson 7-Animation

2. Overview • The power of motion. • Computer-generated animation. • File formats used in animation. • Making successful animations.

3. The power of motion • Animation is defined as the act of making something come alive. • It is concerned with the visual or aesthetic aspect of the project. • Visual effects such as wipes, fades, zooms, and dissolves are available in most authoring packages, and some of these can be used for primitive animation • Animation is an object moving across or into or out of the screen.

4. The power of motion Figure 7-1. Macromedia Director and Adobe Premiere offer many visual effects and transition

5. Principle of Animation • Animation is possible because of a biological phenomenon known as persistence of vision and a psychological phenomenon called phi. • In animation, a series of images are rapidly changed to create an illusion of movement. Cels, or frames, of a rotating logo. When the images are progressively and rapidly changed, the arrow of the compass is perceived to be spinning.

6. Principle of Animation • TV video builds 30 entire frames or pictures every seconds • Movies on film are typically shot at a shutter rate of 24 frames per second, but using projection tricks (the projector’s shutter flashes light through each image twice), the flicker rate is increased to 48 times per second, and the human eye thus sees a motion picture • On some projectors, each frame is shown three times before the pull-down claw moves to the next frame, for a total of 72 flickers per second

7. Animation by Computer • Animation space. • Animation techniques.

8. Animation Space Animation can be rendered in: • 2-D space - 2-D animations are very simple and static. • Color-cycling • 2D-animation • Path animation • 2-1/2D space - An illusion of depth is created through shadowing, highlighting, and forced perspective, though in reality the image rests in two dimensions. • 3-D space - Complicated and realistic animations are done in 3-D space.

9. Animation Techniques • Animation process • Cel animation. • Computer animation.

10. Animation Process The steps to be followed in creating animation are: • Organize the execution in a series of logical steps. • Choose an animation tool best suited for the job. • Build and tweak the sequences by creating objects, planning their movement, texturing their surfaces, adding lights, experimenting with lighting effects, and positioning the camera or point of view. • Post-process the completed animation.

11. Cel Animation • Cel animation is a technique in which a series of progressively different graphics are used on each frame of movie film. • The term "cel" is derived from the clear celluloid sheets that were used for drawing each frame. • Cel animation begins with keyframes.

12. Cel Animation • Keyframes refer to the first and the last frame of an action. • The frames in between the keyframes are drawn in the tweening process. • Tweening depicts the action that takes place between keyframes. • Tweening is followed by the pencil test.

13. Computer Animation • Computer animation is very similar to cel animation. • The primary difference is in how much must be drawn by the animator and how much is automatically generated by the software.

14. Computer Animation • Kinematics is the study of the movement and motion of structures that have joints. • Inverse kinematics is the process of linking objects, and defining their relationship and limits. • Morphing is an effect in which a still or moving image is transformed into another.

15. Computer Animation Figure 7-2. Curious Lab’s Poser understands human motion and inverse kinematics: move an arm, and the shoulders follow

16. Computer Animation Figure 7-3. Morphing software was used to seamlessly transform the images of 16 kindergartners. When a sound track of music and voices was added to the four-minute piece, it made a compelling QuickTime video about how similar children are to each other. Matching key points (red) in the start and end image guide the morphing transition

17. File Formats used in Animation • .dir and .dcr - Director files. • .fli and .flc - AnimatorPro files. • .max - 3D Studio Max files. • .pics - SuperCard and Director files. • .fla and .swf - Flash files.

18. File Formats used in Animation GIF89a file format: • It is a version of the GIF image format. • GIF89a allows multiple images to be put into a single file and then be displayed as an animation in the Web browser. • Applications like BoxTop Software's GIFmation or ULead's GIF Animator are needed to create GIF89a animation.

19. Making Successful Animations • Use animation carefully and sparingly. • High quality animations require superior display platforms and hardware, as well as raw computing horsepower. • File compression is very important when preparing animation files for the Web. • Multimedia authoring systems typically provide tools to simplify creating animations within that authoring system. And they often have a mechanism for playing the special animation files created by dedicated animation software.

20. Making Successful Animations Some animation tools are: • Macromedia's Flash. • Kai's Power Tools' Spheroid Designer. • Alias|Wavefront's Maya. • NewTek's Lightwave.

21. Making Animations That Work • A rolling ball: Billiard-ball spheres can be made quickly using Photoshop and Kai’s Power Tools’ Spheroid Designer available in KPT3 (see Figure 7-4), a set of graphic manipulation plug-ins. • (a) First, create a new, blank image file that is 100×100 pixels, and fill it with a sphere: • (b) Create a new layer in Phtoshop, and place some white text on this layer at the center of the image: • (c) Sphererize the text using Photoshop’s distortion filter, and save the result: (a) (b) (c)

22. Making Animations That Work • (d) To animate the sphere by rolling it across the screen, you first need to make a number of rotated images of the sphere. Rotate the image in 45-degree increments to create a total of eight images, rotating a full circle of 360 degrees. Whendisplayed sequentially at the same location, the sphere spins: (d)

23. Making Animations That Work Figure 7-4. KPT3 from Corel provides a spheroid designer

24. Making Animations That Work • A Bouncing Ball Figure 7-5. To make a bouncing ball seem natural, don’t forget the effects of gravity. If you loop the 18 images shown here, the ball will bounce forever

25. Making Animations That Work • GIF Animation

26. Making Animations That Work Figure 7-6. GIFmation from BoxTop Software lets you organize images into animated GIF files playable by Web browsers

27. Creating an Animation Scene (c) (a) Figure 7-7. The upper portion of the photo was placed behind the runners (b) and the lower portion in front of them, to make them appear to run behind the bridge railing (c) (b)

28. Summary • Animation is visual change over time and adds great power to multimedia. • Cell animation uses a series of progressively different graphics on each frame of movie film. • Computer animation has eased the process of creating animation. • Many file formats are designed specifically to contain animation.