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FOCUS and AFFIXES

FOCUS and AFFIXES. www.seasite.niu.edu/tagalog Tagalog Grammar - VERBAL FOCUS. Actor Focus Verbal affixes. Indicate that the focus (actor) of the sentence is doing the action of the verb The -UM- Verb The MAG- Verb The MA- Verb. The –UM Verbs.

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FOCUS and AFFIXES

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  1. FOCUS and AFFIXES www.seasite.niu.edu/tagalog Tagalog Grammar - VERBAL FOCUS

  2. Actor Focus Verbal affixes • Indicate that the focus (actor) of the sentence is doing the action of the verb • The -UM- Verb • The MAG- Verb • The MA- Verb

  3. The –UM Verbs This verb is formed by attaching the infix -UM- to the verb root. The -UM- affix always comes right before the first vowel of the root word. (samples are in the past tense/perfective aspect) • Kumain (kain) • Umalis (alis) • Tumakbo (takbo) • Pumunta (punta)

  4. A major affix that is usually found in verbs denoting casual action and/or action not involving movement of an object external to the actor. Designates actor’s movement from one place to another Does not occur with roots/base words beginning with m or w

  5. Sample sentences • Kumain siya kagabi. • Pumunta si Ate Marvs sa Nevada, Arizona, at California noong Disyembre. • Umalis ang tatay kanina.

  6. Your Sample Sentences

  7. Mag- Verbs These verbs are formed by attaching the prefix MAG- to the verb root. Because MAG- is a prefix, it is always attached to the front of the word. Magbigay (bigay) – to give Magluto (luto) – to cook Maglaro (laro) – to play Maghanda (handa) – to prepare

  8. A major actor focus affix that connotes deliberate action involving movement of an object external to the actor. In a sentence, this verb requires a object or ng phrase. Used in verbalization of borrowed words magbus magkompyuter magbasketbol

  9. Sample Sentences (Past/Perfective) • Nagbasketbol siya kapahon. • Nagbigay si Mila ng mga regalo sa mga bata noong Pasko. • Nagluto ang nanay ng pansit kagabi.

  10. Sample verbs that will take both um and mag affixes • Magbasa – bumasa • Magsulat – sumulat • Magsayaw – sumayaw

  11. Your Sample Sentences

  12. Ma Verbs • This is verb that is used as an actor affix and in rare instances as an object affix. • It is also a prefix. • Matulog – tulog – to sleep • Maligo – ligo – to bathe • Matuto – tuto - to learn • Makinig – kinig – to listen • Mahuli – huli – to be late • Nanood – nood – to view or to watch

  13. Used with inactive verbs • As an Object affix (very rare) • Makita – kita – to see • Nakita niya si Ben. (past) He/She saw Ben. • Mahalata – halata – to notice • Nahalata ni Ben na galit ang tatay. Ben noticed that father is angry.

  14. Your Sample Sentences

  15. Objects Focus Verbal Affixes These affixes indicate that the focus of the sentence is the object (receiver of the action). I verbs In verbs An Verbs

  16. I- Affix • Often denotes action affecting the position of the goal but not causing a change in its structure. • This is usually the object affix counterpart of mag- verbs

  17. Itapon – to throw • Iuwi – to take home • Iakyat – to bring up/to take up • Ialok – to offer • Ilabas – to take out

  18. Command form • Itapon mo ang basura sa labas. • Iuwi ninyo ang ulam para kay nanay. • Ilabas mo ang daing kasi mabaho.

  19. Your Sample Sentences

  20. -In verbal affix • Denotes action radically affecting the goal/object such as those causing the change in its structure • It is a suffix; i.e. it is added at the end of the root. • Usually it is the object counterpart of –um. • Inumin – inom – to drink • Lutuin – luto – to drink • Tapusin – tapos – to finish *** in suffixation o changes to u

  21. Cooking verbs • Tadtarin – tadtad – to chop • Hiwain – hiwa – to slice • Haluin – halo – to mix

  22. Command Form • Haluin mo ang ulam. • Inumin ninyo ang gatas sa mesa. • Tapusin mo ang “homework” sa Tagalog. • Lutuin mo ang isda.

  23. Your Sample Sentences

  24. -An Affix • Typically denotes actions affecting the surface or appearance of the goal but not causing a change of its structure • It is a suffix • Denote movement in relation to a goal • Denote action typically involving a human goal • Used in a few pseudo-verbs

  25. Affecting the appearance but not causing change • Hugasan – hugas – to wash • Walisan – walis – to sweep • Bukasan/buksan – bukas – to open • Sarahan/ sarhan – sara – to close *** han is used if final letter of the root is a vowel a

  26. Movement in relation to a goal • Abutan – abot – to pass something to • Dalahan/dalhan – dala – to bring something to • Lapitan – lapit – to approach someone • Puntahan – punta – to go to • Upuan – upo – to sit down on

  27. Action involving a human/animate goal • Halikan – halik – to kiss • Ngitian – ngiti- to smile at • Tulungan – tulong – to help

  28. Your sample sentences:

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