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EARTH IN THE UNIVERSE

EARTH IN THE UNIVERSE.

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EARTH IN THE UNIVERSE

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  1. EARTH IN THE UNIVERSE Welcome to the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. An image 10x smaller than the full moon but containing an estimated 10,000 galaxies. The image shows galaxies approximately 13 billion light years away. That's only 300-400 million years after the big bang. Almost every spot of light in this image is a galaxy. This one image shows you the vastness of the universe and how many galaxies could potentially be in it, billions in fact. Each galaxy may contain 100's of billions of stars and may contain millions of planets potentially with life on them. With so many places to hide, it's hard to claim life is only here on Earth.

  2. SWBAT: • Explain the different objects that are found in the universe. • Determine the age of our universe and solar system.

  3. (3.1) Celestial object any object outside or above Earth’s atmosphere.

  4. Universe Galaxy Solar System Sun Earth Moon Examples of celestial objects

  5. Light Year???? Sunlight takes approximately 8 minutes to reach Earth Speed of light 3x108 m/s 671 million mile/hr

  6. The symbols below are used to represent different regions of space. Which diagram shows the correct relationship between these four regions? [If one symbol is within another symbol, that means it is part of, or included in, that symbol].

  7. 2) Which sequence correctly lists the relative sizes from smallest to largest? (1) our solar system, universe, Milky Way Galaxy (2) our solar system, Milky Way Galaxy, universe (3) Milky Way Galaxy, our solar system, universe (4) Milky Way Galaxy, universe, our solar system

  8. Age of our Solar System & Universe

  9. Universe everything that exists. (all space, all matter, all energy).

  10. Age of the Earth?

  11. Age of Earth is 4.6 bya b.y.a = billion years ago 4,600,000,000 years = 4.6 bya = 4,600 mya

  12. Age of the Universe….. • 10 – 13.7 billion years old. The universe is…. • older and bigger than anything else.

  13. 3) What is the inferred age of our solar system, in millions of years? (1) 544 (2) 1300 (3) 4600 (4) 10,000

  14. 4) The explosion associated with the Big Bang theory and the formation of the universe is inferred to have occurred how many billion years ago? • less than 1 (2) 2.5 (3) 4.6 (4) over 10

  15. 5) Which statement best describes the age of our solar system and the universe? (1) The universe is at least twice as old as our solar system. (2) Our solar system is at least twice as old as the universe. (3) Our solar system and the universe are estimated to be 5 billion years old. (4) Our solar system and the universe are estimated to be 10 billion years old.

  16. SWBAT • Explain the origin of the universe according to the Big Bang Theory. • Describe the evidence found by scientist that proves the Big Bang occurred. • Describe the characteristics of electromagnetic radiation. • Differentiate between the Blue and Red shift of light given off by stars and its meaning.

  17. Big Bang Theory Big Bang Theory- the theory that explains the origin of the universe. all matter and energy started out concentrated in a small area. expansion begins. The earliest atoms form (hydrogen and helium). Matter clumps together to form stars and groups of stars (galaxies). The universe is still expanding in all directions.

  18. Evidence for the Big Bang.

  19. Long-wavelength background radiation (microwaves), that appears to be coming for all directions in the universe.

  20. 2) Electromagnetic energy emitted from stars. each element emits energy of a particular wavelength. The wavelengths emitted by stars are shifted either toward the blue end(shorter wavelengths) or red end (longer wavelengths) of the electromagnetic spectrum.

  21. Each element produces a signature wavelength of electromagnetic energy. hydrogen However, when stars are examined these characteristic wavelengths are shifted.

  22. Blue shift occurs when the wavelengths are shifted towards shorter wavelengths. (Stars are moving towards one another. normal shifted

  23. Red shift occurs when the wavelengths are shifted toward the longer wavelengths. (Stars are moving away from one another). normal shifted

  24. NEW Simplified version ESRT p.14

  25. normal Red shift

  26. This shifting of wavelengths is called the Doppler Effect. Car horn example

  27. Almost all galaxies have a red shift…. This means that the universe is expanding in all directions.

  28. 6) When viewed from Earth, the light from very distant galaxies shows a red shift. This is evidence that these distant galaxies are (1) revolving around the Sun (2) revolving around the Milky Way (3) moving away from Earth (4) moving toward Earth

  29. 7) The diagram below shows the spectral lines for an element. Which diagram best represents the spectral lines of this element when its light is observed coming from a star that is moving away from Earth? A B C D

  30. 8) Astronomers viewing light from distant galaxies observe a shift of spectral lines toward the red end of the visible spectrum. This shift provides evidence that (1) orbital velocities of stars are decreasing (2) Earth’s atmosphere is warming (3) the Sun is cooling (4) the universe is expanding

  31. Base your answers to questions 9 through 12 on the table below, which shows eight inferred stages describing the formation of the universe from its beginning to the present time.

  32. 9) How soon did protons and neutrons form after the beginning of the universe? (1) 10–43 second (3) 10–6 second (2) 10–32 second (4) 13.7 billion years

  33. 10) What is the most appropriate title for this table? (1) The Big Bang Theory (3) The Law of Superposition (2) The Theory of Plate Tectonics (4) The Laws of Planetary Motion

  34. 11) According to this table, the average temperature of the universe since stage 3 has • decreased, only (2) increased, only (3) remained the same (4) increased, then decreased

  35. 12) Between which two stages did our solar system form? (1) 1 and 3 (3) 6 and 7 (2) 3 and 5 (4) 7 and 8

  36. Base your answers to question 13 on the calendar model shown below of the inferred history of the universe and on your knowledge of Earth science. The 12-month time line begins with the Big Bang on January 1 and continues to the present time, which is represented by midnight on December 31. Several inferred events and the relative times of their occurrence have been placed in the appropriate locations on the time line.

  37. 13) State one piece of evidence used by scientists to support the theory that the Big Bang event occurred.

  38. SWBAT: • Explain the motion of various celestial objects (stars, planets, Earth’s moon, Sun) • Draw the Sun’s path and locate their compass direction for sunrise and sunset for all seasons.

  39. (3.2) Apparent Motions of Celestial Objects.

  40. apparent motion is a motion that an object appears to make. it can be real or an illusion. example; Sun moving from east to west across the sky.

  41. ApparentMotion of Stars. move in an arc (or complete circle) around Polaris (the North Star). move from east to west. travel at a rate of 15o/hr. (360 o /24 hrs) Draw the picture

  42. Apparent Motion of the PLANETS. daily motion is similar to that of the stars. move in an arc. move from east to west. travel at a rate of 15o/hr. a second motion occurs over a period of weeks to months.retrograde motion - occurs when the planet appears to make a backward loop. Retrograde Motion

  43. Apparent Motion of Earth's Moon. moves in an arc. moves from east to west. travels at a rate of 15o/hr. the moon rises 50 minutes later each day.

  44. Apparent Motion of the Sun. arc path, from east to west. 15o/hr changes its position, length, and altitude with the seasons. draw picture; Hemisphere Model showing Sun’s Path

  45. Sun’s Path Across theSky Summer Solstice June 21 zenith Equinox March 21 Sept 23 Winter Solstice Dec 21 W N S E

  46. Sun’s Position • Spring and Fall; Sun rises due East and sets due West. • Summer; Sun rises in the NE and sets in the NW. • Winter; Sun rises in the SE and sets in the SW.

  47. Duration of Daylight • Spring and Fall; 12 hr daylight & 12 hr darkness. • Summer; period of daylight is longest (12 hrs). • Winter; period of daylight is shortest (9 hrs)

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