Enhancing Banana Establishment with AM Fungi

1. Efficacy of AM fungi for improving the establishment of Micropropagated Banana Musa paradisiaca.L CV. Dwarf cavendish Dr.Sowmya.R Assistant Professor Department of Botany Yuvaraja’s College University of Mysore Mysore-India

2. AMF is the most wide spread type of symbiotic association which creates an intimate link between plants and rhizosphere. Micropropagation technique has become an important technique for the propagation of horticultural plants. AMF association with micropropagated plants improves the root health during acclimatization period and helps to establish successfully in the field. Introduction

3. In the present study an attempt has been made to discuss the efficacy of AM Fungi for improving the establishment of micropropagated banana Musa paradisiaca variety Dwarf cavendish under field conditions as alone and in combination with PSM from acclimatization period to complete establishment till the yield. Objective

4. Plant material- Musa paradisiaca.L cv Dwarf cavendish AMF Inoculam- Glomus mosseae Glomus fasciculatum Phosphate solubilising microorganism- Trichoderma viride Materials

5. Micropropagated and Sucker raised plants

6. Experiment- Two sets of experiments at P and PO – fertilizer level were carried. 1.Sucker raised (normal)plants 2. Micropropagated plants. The experiment was conducted as pot experiment and then shifted to field to main experiment. Experimental set up

7. The land was prepared by ploughing thoroughly and the soil in the field was brought to tilth.The size of the pits was 75cm X 75cm X 60cm which was filled with 20 kg of FYM mixed with sand and soil as 1:1:1 proportion. VAM inoculam of 250 g /pit was poured.The PSM inoculam of 100ml/pit having 50X105 cells/ml was added to the pits. Field experiment

8. 75cm 75cm AMInoculum 60cm PSM INOCULUM1000 ml/pit 75cm Land preparation,AM Species and PSM Inoculum G.fasciculatum G.mosseae FYM+Sand+Soil=1:1:1 Trichodermaviride

9. Regular leaf samples were taken and nutritional status of each plant was recorded. Root length and shoot length of plants(Pots) Fresh and dry weights of plants(Pots) Quantitative estimation of Chlorophyll content Total carbohydrates and reducing sugars content Total proteins content Total phenolics content Growth parameters and nutritional status

10. Mycorrhizal percentage was recorded by Philips and Hayman (1970) method. Mycorrhizal spore count were recorded by wet sieving and decanting method. Alkaline and acid phosphatase activity was analysed by PNP Method. Phosphorus content(Jackson method). Nitrogen content(by Kjeldhal method) . Na and K content (by flame photometry method) Ca and Mg content ( by versanate titration method) The total yield of the plant was recorded in terms of number of hands per bunch, number of fingers per hand and bunch weight . Methodology

11. PERCENTAGE OF ROOT COLONIZATION, NUMBER OF VESICLES AND NUMBER OF ARBUSCULES IN THE ROOTS AND SPORE COUNT IN THE SOIL WITHOUT P FERTILIZER

12. Percentage of colonization in plants treated with AMF with out P FERTILIZER

13. Percentage of colonization, number of vesicles and number of arbuscules in the roots and spore count in the soil with P FERTILIZER

14. PERCENTAGE OF COLONIZATION IN PLANT TREATED WITH AMF WITH P FERTILIZER

15. Mycorrhizal colonization in roots

16. Total carbohydrates and reducing sugars content sucker raised (normal) and micropropagated banana without P fertilizer

17. Total carbohydrates and reducing sugars content of sucker raised (normal) and micropropagated banana with P fertilizer

18. Phosphorus, Nitrogen and Potassium and Sodium content in the leaves of sucker raised (normal) and micropropagated banana without P fertilizer

19. Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Potassium and Sodium content in the leaves of sucker raised (normal) and micropropagated banana with P fertilizer

20. Calcium and mAgnesium content

21. Copper and zinc content

22. Acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity in the roots of sucker raised (normal) and micropropagated banana without P fertilizer.

23. Acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity in the roots of sucker raised (normal) and micropropagated banana with P fertilizer

24. Acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity in thesurface of roots and root extract with P-fertilizer

25. Plant growth and yield of the plant without P fertilizer.

26. Plant growth and yield of the plant with P fertilizer

27. NORMAL PLANTS IN THE FIELD WITHOUT P-FERTILIZER

28. NORMAL PLANTS IN THE FIELD WITH P-FERTILIZER

29. Micropropagated plants in the field without P-FERTILIZER

30. Micropropagated plants in the field with P-FERTILIZER

31. Yield of normal and micropropagated plants with out p- FERTILIZER

32. Yield of normal and micropropagated plants with p- FERTILIZER

33. Better establishment through mycorrhization. Increased plant growth interms of root and shoot length and girth of the plant. Improved physiological status. Improved mineral nutrition. Increased enzyme activity. Increase in the total yield of the mycorrhizal micropropagated plants . Key findings

34. The two AMF species G.fasciculatumand G.mosseae colonized well in micropropagated plants in pots and continued to show well establishment in the field condition.The early mycorrhization was observed in micropropagated plants may be because of compatable specificity with Glomusspecies.This indicates the dependency of mycorrhiza in micropropagated plantlets during the early stages of development. • By utilizing AMF we can improve the cultivation practices of horticultural plants propagated in vitro. CONCLUSION

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