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The hundred years’ war and the plague

The hundred years’ war and the plague. The great schism. The Great Schism. 1305, French pope is chosen; moves papacy from Rome to the city of Avignon, France. The Pope would live in France and not in Rome for 69 years. 1378, Pope Gregory XI died while visiting Rome

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The hundred years’ war and the plague

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  1. The hundred years’ war and the plague

  2. The great schism

  3. The Great Schism • 1305, French pope is chosen; moves papacy from Rome to the city of Avignon, France. The Pope would live in France and not in Rome for 69 years. • 1378, Pope Gregory XI died while visiting Rome • 1378, two popes are chosen – one in Rome, an Italian named (Pope Urban VI) and one in France, (Clement VII) • Each declares the other false, excommunicates each other, causing the spilt in the Church known as the Great Schism, or division. • In 1414, Council of Constance ends schism, chooses Martin V as pope

  4. John wycliffe & Jan Hus • Englishman • Argued that Jesus is the head of the Church, not the pope • He preaches against wealth and worldliness of the clergy • Inspires English translation of the New Testament • Jan Hus (Bhoemian professor) taught that the authority of the Bible was higher than that of the pope. • Hus was excommunicated in 1412 • 1414, he was seized by Church leaders, tried as a heretic, and then burned at the stake in 1415.

  5. Bubonic Plague (black death)

  6. This scourge had implanted so great a terror in the hearts of men and women that brothers abandoned brothers, uncles their nephews, sisters their brothers, and in many cases wives deserted their husbands. But even worse… fathers and mothers refused to nurse and assist their own children…

  7. The bubonic plague • In 1300s, Europe suffers bubonic plague – extremely deadly disease • Begins in Asia; spread to Italy and other countries over trade routes • About 1/3 of Europe’s population dies in the epidemic

  8. Effects of the plague • Town populations fall, trade declines, prices rise • Some serfs leave manor for paying work • Church suffered a loss of prestige when its prayers failed to stop the onslaught of the bubonic plague and priests abandoned their duties • The disease spread because people did not bathe, almost all had fleas and lice • Black rats carried fleas that were infested with the disease, the fleas carried by rats leapt from person to person, thus spreading the bubonic plague with incredible speed. • Death Tolls

  9. The Hundred Years’ war (1337-1453) • During the later middle ages (1300-1500), internal problems as well as the bubonic plague complicated European political affairs. • The kings of France and England fought constantly over lands claimed by both • Their hostilities eventually resulted in the Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) • English king Edward III claims French throne • War marks the end of medieval society; change in style of warfare

  10. The longbow “Machine gun of middle ages”

  11. The Longbow changes warfare • In 1346, English army with longbows beats much larger French army • English win other victories with longbows in 1356 and 1415 • Victory of longbows signals end of reliance on knights • It was cheap, easy to carry and make, and DEADLY • Powerful enough to penetrate armor • Tall as a man • Arrows were fatal when shot within 100 yards • Average archer could fire 12 to 15 arrows per minute and hit a man 200 yards away

  12. Joan of arc • French peasant girl who believes in visions of saints, felt moved by God to rescue France from its English conquerors • Voices urged her to drive the English from France and give the French crown to France’s true king, Charles VII • She leads French army to victory at Orleans, Charles VII crowned King • In 1430 England’s allies, the Burgundians, capture Joan in battle • The Church condemns Joan as a witch and heretic • On May 30, 1431, she is burned at the stake

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