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ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION. PHOTONS ARE ENERGY DISTURBANCES MOVING THROUGH THE SPACE WITH THE SPEED OF LIGHT (c). PHOTONS HAVE NO MASS AND NO CHARGE. THEY HAVE MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELDS CHANGING IN SINUSOIDAL FASHION. CHARACTERISTICS OF X-RAY PHOTONS.

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ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

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  1. ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

  2. PHOTONS ARE ENERGY DISTURBANCES MOVING THROUGH THE SPACE WITH THE SPEED OF LIGHT (c)

  3. PHOTONS HAVE NO MASS AND NO CHARGE. THEY HAVE MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELDS CHANGING IN SINUSOIDAL FASHION

  4. CHARACTERISTICS OF X-RAY PHOTONS • Highly penetrating, invisible rays, more penetrating than Alpha and Beta radiations. • Electrically neutral. They do not get attracted to charged electrodes. • Polyenergetic. X-ray beam represent the wide range of different photon energies, with the maximum energy photons indicated by the kVp setting. • Release small amounts  of thermal energy when they pass through matter. • Travel in straight lines. • Travel with the speed of light in vacuum. • Ionize matter by removing orbital electrons. • Induce fluorescense in some substances. • Can't be focused by lenses nor by collimators. • Produce chemical and biological changes • Produce scatter radiation

  5. Highly penetrating, invisible rays, more penetrating than Alpha and Beta radiations

  6. Electrically neutral. They do not get attracted to charged electrodes

  7. Travel in straight lines

  8. Travel with the speed of light in vacuum. • 3 x 10 8 m/s • 3 x 10 5 km/s • 186,400 miles/sec

  9. Ionize matter by removing orbital electrons

  10. Induce fluorescense in some substances

  11. Produce scatter radiation

  12. PRODUCTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION X-RAYS

  13. GAMMA RADIATION IN THE UNIVERSE

  14. XMM-NEWTON SATELLITE UNCOVERS DIFFUSE X-RAY EMISSION AND THE FIRST ACCRETING X-RAY PULSAR IN ANDROMEDA GALAXY

  15. GAMMA vs X-RAYS

  16. GAMMA EMISSION

  17. Electron cloud in the target

  18. X-RAYS EMISSION

  19. THREE WAVE PARAMETERS ARE NEEDED TO DESCRIBE ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION:VELOCITY, WAVELENGTH, AND FREQUENCY

  20. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE EQUATION c = f x Λ

  21. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

  22. Short wavelengthHigh frequencyHigh energy Long wavelengthLow frequencyLow energy

  23. THE ENERGY OF PHOTON IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO ITS FREQUENCY

  24. THE ONLY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN X-RAYS AND GAMMA RAYS IS THEIR ORIGIN

  25. VISIBLE LIGHT IS IDENTIFIED BY: • WAVELENGTH

  26. RF IS IDENTIFIED BY: • FREQUENCY

  27. X-RAYS ARE IDENTIFIED BY: • ENERGY

  28. X-RAYS BEHAVE AS THEY ARE PARTICLES

  29. RADIATION ATTENUATION IS THE REDUCTION IN INTENSITY RESULTING FROM SCATTERING AND ABSORPTION

  30. STRUCTURES THAT ABSORB X-RAYS ARE CALLED • RADIOPAQUE ????

  31. STRUCTURES THAT ATTENUATE X-RAYS ARE CALLED RADIOLUCENT ??

  32. INVERSE SQUARE LAW

  33. INVERSE SQUARE LAW FORMULA

  34. Where: I1 = Intensity 1 at D1 I2 = Intensity 2 at D2 Where: D1 = Distance 1 from source I1 = Intensity 1 at D1 D2 = Distance 2 from source I2 = Intensity 2 at D2 D1 = Distance 1 from source D2 = Distance 2 from source

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