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MITES (ARACHNIDA: ACARI) COLLECTION, PREPARATION, MOUNTING,

MITES (ARACHNIDA: ACARI) COLLECTION, PREPARATION, MOUNTING, LABELING, STORAGE AND PACKING SPECIMENS. SRI HARTINI AND A. SAIM ZOOLOGY DIVISION, RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES . ARACHNIDA. SUBCLASS : SCORPIONES PALPIGRADI UROPYGI PSEUDOSCORPIONES RICINULEI

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MITES (ARACHNIDA: ACARI) COLLECTION, PREPARATION, MOUNTING,

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  1. MITES (ARACHNIDA: ACARI) COLLECTION, PREPARATION, MOUNTING, LABELING, STORAGE AND PACKING SPECIMENS SRI HARTINI AND A. SAIM ZOOLOGY DIVISION, RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES

  2. ARACHNIDA SUBCLASS : • SCORPIONES • PALPIGRADI • UROPYGI • PSEUDOSCORPIONES • RICINULEI • SCHIZOMIDA • AMBLYPYGI • OPILIONES • SOLIFUGAE • ARANAE • ACARI

  3. A C B D • OPILIONES • ARANEAE • SCORPIONES • ACARI

  4. ACARI (MITE) • Thorax and abdomen united • Without superficial evidence of segmentation • Mouth provided with a median sub-oral piercing organ • Hypostome • Adults and nymphal with 4 pairs of legs • larvae with 3 pairs of legs

  5. DORSAL SHIELD ACARI

  6. Gnathosoma A A B C B, Opilioacarida, Opilioacaridae; C, Actenidida, Glycyphagidae A. Gamasida, Macrochelidae

  7. A , DORSAL; B, VENTRAL; C, TYPE DORSAL SETAE

  8. Dorsal shield suborder Gamasida

  9. Dorsal shield suborder Actenidida

  10. Dorsal shield Suborder Acaridida Suborder Oribatida

  11. A B CHELICERA A. FEMALE B. MALE

  12. LEG

  13. Stigma or spiracle in Acari a. Opilioacarida b. Holothyrida c. Gamasida

  14. a. Ixodida b & c. Actenidida

  15. a & b. Actenidida c. Oribatida

  16. HABITS AND HABITATS A. Free-Living forms B. Parasitic forms

  17. A. Free-Living Forms 1. Predaceous Mites 2. Phytophagous Mites 3. Mycophagous Mites 4. Saprophagous Mites 5. Other Microphytophages 6. Coprophagous & Necrophagous Mites 7. Phoretic Mites

  18. 1. Predaceous Mites a. Ground species b. Areal species c. Storage species d. Littoral-intertidal-marine species e. Aquatic species

  19. 1. b. Predacious Areal species Long legged Rapid in movement Preying on phytophagous mites or their eggs Brightly colored in shades of red, yellow or green Family Phytoseiidae, Bdellidae, Stigmaeidae, Anystidae, Ascidae (Asca)

  20. 2. Phytophagous mites 1. Areal species 2. Storage species 3. Ground species

  21. 2. Phytophagous mites 1. Aerial species Slow moving Majority of species are red, yellow or green in color while some may appear white or transculent They feed by inserting stylet-like chelicerae into the cells of the plant host and sucking up the contents Transmit plant viruses Some of most important arthropod pest of plants, spider mites (Tetranychidae: Oligonychus kadarsani Ehara, 1969 injurious to sugar cane in Java ), Eryophidae, Sierraphytoptidae, Rhyncaphytoptidae, Tarsonemidae,Tenuipalpidae

  22. 2. 2. Storage species Storage grains and other storage products White or brownish white in color Slow moving Family Acaridae (Acarus siro), Glycyphagidae

  23. 2. 3. Ground species Few group of mites are adapted to feeding on live plant tissue in soil. Feed on root tissue, corms or bulbs Most the soil form are opaque white or translucent Slow moving form with short legs and with little or no distinctive idiosomal sclerotization Some have chelate-dantate chelicerae for grinding and macerating plant tissue (Acaridida, Acaridae), some have stylettiform chelae for piercing plant cell (Actinedida, Tarsonemidae).

  24. B. Parasitic Form A. Ectoparasitic Mites 1. Vertebrate ectoparasites 2. Invertebrate ectoparasites B. Endoparasitic Mites 1. Vertebrate endoparasites 2. Invertebrate endoparasites

  25. LIFE STAGE Four life stage: • Egg • Larva • Nymph • Adult

  26. a. larva b. protonymph c. deutonymph d. adult

  27. Classifications of the subclass Acari by Krantz, 1978 I. Order Parasitiformes A. Suborder Opilioacarida B. Suborder Holothyrida C. Suborder Gamasida D. Suborder Ixodida II. Order Acariformes A. Suborder Actinedida B. SuborderAcaridida C. Suborder Oribatida

  28. Suborder Gamasida (Order Parasitiformes) • 66 family (Krantz, 1978) • Characteristic in the ventral side have shield • Long legged and rapid movement • Colored in shades of red, yellow or green • Widely distribution, most in tropic • Habitat on leave and some in soil • Member of this group (Family Phytoseiidae) as predaceous areal mites, preying primarily on phytophagous mites • As predators in pest programs or biological control

  29. Predatory mite, Phytoseiuluspersimilis, attacking tetranychid eggs TETRANYCHID EGG

  30. II. Suborder Actinedida (Order Acariformes) 1. Family Tetranychidae 2. Family Tarsonemidae 3. Family Eriophydae

  31. Family Tetranychidae, red spider mites • Habitat on the plant, areal species • Widely distribution • Economic important pest plants. • Some species have been found to transmit plant viruses • This species low moving • They life undersurface of leave • In Indonesia this Family recorded pest on cassava , sugar cane and tea plantation

  32. Species of Tetranychidae Oligonychus coffeae Tetranychus cinnabarinus T. urticae Bryobia praetiosa Tenuipalpus orchidarum

  33. Scarlet Tea Mite Brevipalpus obovatus

  34. SYMPTOMS Star fruit leaves Cassava leaves Mango leaves

  35. Oligonychus spp. in Eastern Asia • Olygonychus coffeae (Nietn.) Found in tea and coffee, but occur on castor • O. kadarsani Ehara, 1968 and O. exsiccator (Zehyntner) recorded on sugar cane in Java also in Hawaii (O. exsiccator) • O. orthius Rimando from sugar cane in the Philippines, Japan, Taiwan also from sugar cane and banana • O. shinkajii Ehara known from corn and rice in Japan and sugar cane in Taiwan

  36. Schizotetranychus celarius (Banks) • Habitat on live plant tissue in soil, • Feed on root tissue, corms or bulbs

  37. 2. Family Tarsonemidae • Soft bodied • short leg • feeding on root tissue corm and bulbs and leaves

  38. Yellow Tea Mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Tarsonemidae)

  39. Family Eryophidae, leaf and gall mites • Mite elongated in shape • Have only two pairs of weak legs at the anterior end of the body • Cause malformations and gall on leaves and stems

  40. Species of Family Eriophydae Eriophyes indigoferae E. theae E. boisi

  41. Purple Tea Mite Calacarus (=Eriophyes) carinatus (Eryophidae)

  42. SYMPTOMS • Leaf of Cinnamomum with galls of E.boisi • Tip of Indigofera shoot with galls of E. indigoferae • Section through gall on Indigofera leaflet

  43. How to collect mites in the field 1. Terrestrial Free Living Mite • Berlese Tulgren apparatus (after Krantz, 1978) • Aspirator (after Singer, 1964) B Collecting mite on plant A 1 3 2

  44. 2. Parasitic and Phoretic Mites Phoretic Mites on insect

  45. PREPARATION • Clearing Agent • Dissection chelicera A wood matchstick

  46. MOUNTING TECHNIQUES • Semi permanent specimen ( Hoyer’s medium) • Permanen specimen • a. PVA (Polyvinil alcohol-lactic acid mixture) • b. Canada balsam

  47. PROCESS MOUNTING WITH CANADA BALSAM

  48. PROCESS TO MAKE SLIDE OF MITE SPECIMENS petridish clearing agent mounting medium

  49. CATALOGING SPECIMENS LIFE PRESERVED FIELD BOOK EXCHANGE/VOUCHER REARING REGISTER BOOK TEACHING MATERIAL SPECIES/GENUS BOOK (LIST) SPECIES CATALOG HOSPES CATALOG DISTRIBUTION CATALOG DATABASE

  50. STORAGE A. WET SPECIMENS B. SLIDE SPECIMENS

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