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Understanding Molecular Matter: Organic vs Inorganic Substances

This unit explores the fundamental differences between organic and inorganic matter. Organic substances are defined as those that are living or once lived, containing carbon and one or more additional elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. In contrast, inorganic substances are non-living. We also differentiate between elements (found on the periodic table), compounds (combinations of two or more elements), and mixtures (two or more substances combined). Moreover, we examine the distinctions between chemical and physical changes, highlighting the signs of chemical changes, including temperature changes, gas release, and color transformation.

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Understanding Molecular Matter: Organic vs Inorganic Substances

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  1. Unit 2: Molecular Matter

  2. Organic vs Inorganic • Organic: living or once living • Inorganic: non-living • Organic Substances have C and 1 or more of the following elements • C Carbon • H Hydrogen • O Oxygen • P Phosphorus • N Nitrogen • S Sulfur

  3. Elements, Compounds, Mixtures • Elements: Found on the Periodic Table • Examples: Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen • Compounds: 2 or more elements combined • Ex: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Water (H2O) • Mixtures: 2 or more substances mix together

  4. Chemical Changes vs Physical Changes • Chemical changes create new substances; rearranges the atoms in a substance • Example: Na + Cl NaCl Sodium + Chlorine  Table Salt • Physical Changes: does not make a new substance • Example: tearing paper, changing states of matter(solid, liquid, gas)

  5. Signs of Chemical Changes • Change in temperature • Gas appears (bubbles) • Precipitate forms • Light • Sound • Change in odor • Color change

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