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Unit 2 Structure of the Atom

Unit 2 Structure of the Atom. Everything that we come in contact with is made up of MATTER . * books * food * air * sound (???). No, this is energy. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant motion called ATOMS . * Kinetic Molecular Theory. Atomic Theory.

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Unit 2 Structure of the Atom

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  1. Unit 2 Structure of the Atom

  2. Everything that we come in contact with is made up of MATTER. * books * food * air * sound (???) No, this is energy.

  3. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant motion calledATOMS. * Kinetic Molecular Theory

  4. Atomic Theory • Atoms are the building blocks of all matter. * atoms are the smallest thing in MATTER

  5. ATOM • Means “indivisible” or “indestructible” or “unbreakable”.

  6. Atoms have smaller particles inside them known as Subatomic Particles.

  7. Subatomic Particles • Protons ( + charge ) • Neutrons ( no charge / neutral ) • Electrons (- charge )

  8. Subatomic Particles • Subatomic particles no longer carry the properties of the original matter (atoms).

  9. * Each subatomic particle has a set location in the atom. • PROTON • NEUTRON NUCLEUS • ELECTRON Located in the electron cloud.

  10. Models of the Atom • Democritus / John Dalton * The atom was similar to a billiard ball. ( solid and indestructible)

  11. Models of the Atom • J.J. Thomson * The atom was similar to a blueberry muffin.

  12. Models of the Atom • Ernest Rutherford * The atom is mostly empty space with a dense positive center. Electrons moving in circles around the center.

  13. Models of the Atom • Niels Bohr * The atom is similar to the solar system. (electrons move in definite paths at different distances from the nucleus)

  14. Models of the Atom • Present Day Model * Is called the Electron Cloud Model. (we do not know exactly where the electrons are located at any given time)

  15. * Atoms in nature are NEUTRALLY charged. • For every PROTON there is an ELECTRON. • For every POSITIVE charge there is a NEGATIVE charge. ** P = E **

  16. Atomic Number • Equals the number of protons found in an atom’s nucleus. * also tells how many electrons are in the electron cloud

  17. The atomic number is used to identify the type of atom. * change the number, and you change the atom you are referring to * it is like a person’s social security number

  18. Ultimately, the identification of an atom comes down to the number of protons found in its nucleus.

  19. Element • A substance that is made up of only one type of atom. * gold * silver * copper

  20. Chemical Symbol • An abbreviated way to write the name of an element.

  21. Chemical Symbol • The first letter of the name is always used. * carbon = C : oxygen = O : sulfur = S • Could be a combination of the first letter and another letter from the name. * helium = He : radon = Ra : magnesium = Mg

  22. Chemical Symbol • Sometimes their symbol comes from their original Latin names. * gold = Au : silver = Ag : mercury = Hg : lead = Pb

  23. Energy Levels • Various locations within the electron cloud where electrons are arranged. * like seats around a stage * front rows fill first * rows need to be filled

  24. Each energy level has a certain number of electrons that will fit in it. • As you move from one energy level to the next, away from the nucleus, the maximum number of electrons that will fit increases.

  25. Energy levels closest to the nucleus have a low energy state. • Energy levels farthest from the nucleus have a high energy state.

  26. Example of Potassium’s Energy Levels K

  27. Example of Chlorine’s Energy Levels Cℓ

  28. The End

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