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Diverse India: A Tapestry of Cultures and Traditions

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idola-wilkinson
40 diapositives · 521 Views · Nov 16, 2014

Explore India's rich history, diverse deities, languages, and ethnic groups. From the Vedic Age to Gupta Empire, discover the social harmony, rituals, and trade networks that shaped the region's civilization.

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  1. Chapter VII Review

  2. Why is “diversity” an apt word to describe India? • It has a history of political division and class divisions. • It has many deities. • It has many languages and ethnic groups.

  3. Northern India is bordered by the • Himalayas

  4. Three harvests each year have been possible in some parts of India because of • high rainfall from the monsoons

  5. The Vedic Age was a new historical period in India marked by • the migration of Indo-Europeans into India

  6. The varna system developed in order to • create social harmony between groups.

  7. The class and caste systems in India were connected to • a widespread belief in reincarnation.

  8. The reincarnation of the atman into a given class depends on • karma or deeds in life.

  9. What is the underlying message of the cycle of reincarnation? • Accept your place and duties in life.

  10. Indian ritual sacrifices were intended to • promote stability in the world.

  11. The Brahmins were important because • they knew how to perform essential sacrifices correctly.

  12. The collection of Indian poetic hymns dedicated to the various deities and describing sacred practices is • the Rig Veda.

  13. What does the literature of the Vedic Age reveal about the role of women? • They are depicted as strong and resourceful, reflecting a favorable position in society.

  14. Individuals sought an alternative path to salvation by practicing • yoga. • special diet. • meditation.

  15. To be released from the cycle of reincarnation is the concept of • moksha.

  16. Jainism emphasizes the principles of • nonviolence and asceticism.

  17. Siddhartha Gautama articulated the “Four Noble Truths,” which taught that • life is suffering and suffering is caused by desire.

  18. The ultimate spiritual reward in Buddhism is • nirvana.

  19. The foundation of the Hindu religion is • the Vedic religion of northern Indian Aryans.

  20. Hinduism emphasized • the worshiper’s devotion to a particular deity

  21. The habit of Hindu pilgrimage is most important because it promotes • contact, exchanges of ideas, and a broad Hindu identity.

  22. The reasons for India’s habitual political fragmentation has historically been • India’s complex social hierarchy. • the extremely varied Indian landscape. • the many different forms of economic activity.

  23. The Mauryan government was supported by • a high tax on agricultural crops.

  24. In order to improve trade, the Mauryan Empire • issued standard coinage throughout the empire.

  25. The Mauryan leader Ashoka converted to Buddhism and became a unique leader because of • his dedication to nonviolence, morality, and moderation.

  26. The chief source of revenue for the Gupta Empire was • a 25 percent tax on agricultural produce.

  27. The Gupta Empire maintained tight control in the core of the empire through • a powerful national army.

  28. Why is the Gupta Empire described as a “theater-state”? • Splendor and ceremonies of court advertised the benefits of empire.

  29. One of the most important contributions made by Gupta intellectuals was the • concept of zero.

  30. From evidence in Gupta literature and plays, Indian women’s situation since the Vedic period had • worsened.

  31. During the Gupta period, trade was conducted with • China. • the Roman Empire. • Southeast Asia.

  32. An extensive trade network developed on land and sea based on which Indian export products? • Cotton cloth, ivory, and metalwork

  33. Southeast Asia first rose to prominence because • it was an intermediary in regional trade.

  34. Southeast Asia has important natural resources such as • fertile volcanic soil and tropical climate.

  35. The plant and animal species that thrive in Southeast Asia are: • coconuts, bananas, rice, soybeans, sugar cane, chickens and pigs.

  36. What impressive navigational skills did the Malay people develop? • Riding monsoon winds, and navigating using wave patterns, clouds, and swells

  37. Southeast Asian state building was based on • commerce, especially the silk and spice trade, and Hindu/Buddhist culture.

  38. The first major Southeast Asian center, Funan, declined because of • a shift in international trade routes.

  39. The Srivijayan kingdom based its power on control of: • the river ports of former Srivijayan rivals. • the fertile rice lands of Java. • the upland region of the Sumatran interior.

  40. The most important cultural influences on Southeast Asian kingdoms came from • India.