The Road to Reformation

1. The History of Christianity The Road to Reformation © John Stevenson, 2008

2. Class Objectives • To recognize, interpret and discuss the impulses for change and reform in the Western Church from the late medieval period (14th century) through the Reformation and its aftermath (16th and 17th centuries). • To identify and evaluate the state of the Church in the 14th and 15th centuries and defend the responses of people like John Hus and John Wyclif.

3. Class Objectives • To differentiate between the doctrines and ideas of Martin Luther from those of the Roman Catholic Church and evaluate the Catholic Church’s response. • To recognize the differences in the theology and ecclesiology of the Reformers and how they affected European society. • To describe and evaluate how the political developments affected path of the Church in England in the 16th and 17th centuries.

4. 1 500 1500 2000 1000 A Timeline of Church History The Ancient Church The Medieval Church The Reformed Church

5. Timeline East/West Schism Crusades 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 Francis of Assisi Peter Waldo

6. Peter Waldo1140-1218 • Wealthy merchant of Lyons who gave away his possessions to live a life of poverty • Had parts of the Bible translated into French • Taught that New Testament is to be the only rule of life for Christians

7. Peter Waldo1140-1218 • Sent out street preachers who embraced poverty • Emphasized the Sermon on the Mount • Waldensians came into conflict with the rich excesses of the church • They were eventually declared to be a heresy

8. Peter Waldo1140-1218 • Translated Scripture into common language and memorized large portions • Refused to fight in Crusades; adopted pacifism • Waldensians embraced the Reformation when it finally emerged

9. Timeline East/West Schism “Babylonian Captivity” Crusades 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 Francis of Assisi John Wyclif Peter Waldo Black Plague

10. The Morning Star of the Reformation(Died 1384) John Wyclif • Studied theology at Oxford • Distinction between temporal rule versus spiritual rule • Translated the Vulgate into English • Lollards: “Poor priests” • Bones exhumed and burned

11. Timeline East/West Schism “Babylonian Captivity” “Great Schism” Crusades 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 Francis of Assisi John Wyclif Peter Waldo Black Plague

12. 1342-1416 Julian of Norwich • While very ill, she had a series of “visions” of Jesus • Wrote Revelations of Divine Love • Walled into an anchorage with windows to the church, to the street, and to her servant’s quarters

13. 1342-1416 Julian of Norwich “I am sure that no man asks mercy and grace with sincerity, without mercy and grace being given to him first.”

14. ` Thomas a Kempis 1380-1471 • Lived in the Netherlands • Priest and scribe • Devotional writer: Imitations of Christ • Quiet, reflective life

15. ` Thomas a Kempis 1380-1471 In things essential, unity; in doubtful, liberty; in all things, love. (Imitation of Christ 1:3).

16. ` Thomas a Kempis 1380-1471 I would rather feel contrition than know how to define it. For what would it profit us to know the whole Bible by heart and the principles of all the philosophers if we live without grace and the love of God?(Imitation of Christ 1:1).

17. ` Thomas a Kempis 1380-1471 Ah, Lord God, my holy Lover, when You come into my heart, all that is within me will rejoice. You are my glory and the exultation of my heart. You are my hope and refuge in the day of my tribulation (Imitation of Christ 3:5).

18. Timeline East/West Schism “Babylonian Captivity” Crusades 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 Francis of Assisi John Wyclif John Hus Peter Waldo

19. Papal Palace at Avignon

20. John Hus1372-1415 • Lived in Bohemia (modern Czech Republic) • Influenced by the teachings of Wyclif • The Bible is basis of our doctrines • Only God forgives sin (against indulgences)

21. John Hus1372-1415

22. John Hus1372-1415 “It is thus that you silence the goose, but a hundred years hence there will arise a swan whose singing you shall not be able to silence.”

23. Gutenberg's Printing Press

24. Timeline Gutenberg's Printing Press East/West Schism “Babylonian Captivity” Constantinople falls Crusades 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 Francis of Assisi John Wyclif Martin Luther John Hus Peter Waldo

25. Pope Innocent VIII1432-1492 • Purchased his way into the papacy • Already had several children and had several more as pope • Made it a regular practice to sell church offices to the highest bidder

26. 1452-1498 Savonarola • Dominican priest in Florence, Italy • Preached against the moral corruption of the clergy • Took political control of Florence following its overthrow by Charles VIII of France

27. 1452-1498 Savonarola • Homosexual practices made a capital offense • Bonfire of the Vanities • Excommunicated by the Pope • Tortured on the rack until he signed a confession • Burned alive

28. 1483-1546 Martin Luther • Classical education • Entered an Augustinian Monastery • Doctorate in Theology • Teacher • Visit to Rome “If anyone could have gained heaven as a monk, then I would indeed have been among them.”

29. 1483-1546 Martin Luther “I did not love, indeed I hated this just God, if not with open blasphemy, at least with huge murmurings, for I was indignant against Him…”

30. 1483-1546 Martin Luther • Conversion: The Just shall live by faith • Indulgences • 95 Theses: October 31, 1517 • Debates with Eck • Excommunication • Diet of Worms (1521)

31. Charles V

32. I am bound by the Scriptures I have quoted and my conscience is bound to the word of God. It is neither safe nor honest to act against one’s conscience. Here I stand. God help me. I cannot do otherwise.