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The Establishment of the English Colonies: Key Events and Historical Overview

This study guide outlines the major events in the establishment of the English colonies from 1585 to the 1680s, including the founding of Roanoke, Jamestown, and Plymouth. It details the motivations for colonization such as religious freedom and economic opportunity, and highlights the key figures like Sir Walter Raleigh, John Smith, and William Penn. The guide also covers the development of government, including important documents like the Mayflower Compact and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, and discusses the economic foundations of the Northern, Middle, and Southern colonies.

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The Establishment of the English Colonies: Key Events and Historical Overview

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  1. Set Up of the English Colonies • 1585 – Roanoke – Sir Walter Raleigh • 1607 – Jamestown, Virginia – John Smith (Business ordeal) • 1620 – Plymouth, Mass – Puritans and Separatists (Religious freedom)

  2. A. New England Colonies • New Hampshire • Massachusetts • Connecticut • Rhode Island

  3. 1. New England Facts • Religious freedom from the Anglican Church (King Henry the VIII) • Puritans – wanted to reform the Anglican church • Separatists – wanted set up their own churches. • 1630’s – 15,000 Puritans escaped = the Great Migration

  4. 2. Government • Mayflower Compact – to provide order, obey the laws, democratic government (representative) • 1630 – John Winthrop (Puritan) – 1st Governor of Massachusetts Bay. • 1636 – Thomas Hooker left for Hartford, Connecticut. Adopted the Fundamental Order of Connecticut (1st written Constitution)

  5. 3. Economics • Towns were organized • Farming was the main economic activity • Substance farming – meet the needs to fed their families • Waterpower > to run lumber & grain mills • Shipbuilding • Trade – West Indies – fish, fruit, and furs • Triangular trade & Middle Passage

  6. B. The Middle Colonies

  7. 1. Facts – Middle Colonies • 1624 - New York – Dutch settlers • 1664 - New Jersey – John Berkeley & George Carteret • 1638 - Delaware – Swedish settlers • 1681 - Pennsylvania – William Penn

  8. Note: William Penn • Society of friends, or Quakers • Quakers believed they all had an “inner light” • All people were equal in God’s eyes. • Pacifists – people whom refuse to fight • “holy experiment” - Indians • Philadelphia – “city of brotherly love”

  9. 2. Government • New York – Representative government – elective legislature • New Jersey – Representative assembly to set laws and taxes. • Pennsylvania – people rule themselves - democracy

  10. 3. Economics • Industries • Home-based crafts, carpentry, flour mills, lumber, and iron mills. • Diversity in ethnic trades and religion

  11. C. The Southern Colonies • Maryland • Virginia (Jamestown) • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia

  12. 1. Southern Colonies Facts • Lord Baltimore gave large estates to his relatives and aristocrats • Wealthy and powerful landowners • The Mason-Dixon line • Act of Toleration • Bacon’s Rebellion (Nathaniel)

  13. 2. Government • House of Burgesses • John Locke – English philosopher wrote a constitution for the Carolina colony. • It covers land distribution, social rankings, principles and rights.

  14. 3. Economics • Tobacco (Maryland & Virginia) is the cash crop • Huge demand for tobacco = slave labor was needed • Rice (South Carolina & Georgia) is the cash crop (slave labor a must). • Tidewater – low lands, flooding, near ports • Back country – forests, mainly small farms

  15. Slavery • Slavery was one reason for the economic success of the Southern colonies. • Indentured servants – agreed to work without pay.

  16. States Facts COLONY Government Economics

  17. Study Guide– Ream Issued 9/22 Test 9/26 Name • Be able to label all 13 colonies, Jamestown, Roanoke, and Plymouth • Reasons for colonizing Roanoke, Jamestown, and Plymouth • Identify House of Burgesses, Mayflower Compact, and Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • Identify John Calvin, Sir Walter Raleigh, John Smith, John Smith, John Winthrop, William Penn, and Nathaniel Bacon • Mercantilism. Representative Democracy, Columbian Exchange, Northwest Passage, charters, joint-stock company, Virginia Company, puritans, separatist, Great Migration, Quakers, indentured servants, Act of Toleration, and Bacon’s Rebellion. Please be prepared. If you’re absent on Friday, please come in Monday at 7:30am to take the test. All study guides, maps, PowerPoint's are on my website. Books will be issued to you 9/23/2014

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