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Living Longer: Living Better. The Health Experience of California Seventh-day Adventists

Living Longer: Living Better. The Health Experience of California Seventh-day Adventists. Gary E. Fraser MB ChB, PhD, FACC, FRACP Professor of Medicine Professor of Epidemiology Loma Linda University. The Adventist Health Studies: A contribution to preventive medicine. 1958-2010.

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Living Longer: Living Better. The Health Experience of California Seventh-day Adventists

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  1. Living Longer: Living Better.The Health Experience of California Seventh-day Adventists Gary E. Fraser MB ChB, PhD, FACC, FRACP Professor of Medicine Professor of Epidemiology Loma Linda University

  2. The Adventist Health Studies: A contribution to preventive medicine.1958-2010

  3. Adventist Health Study-2(AHS-2) 2001 – 2011+

  4. Our sincere thanks to the many of you who are members of AHS-2. • Please remember to return the short biennial questionnaire about any hospitalizations

  5. Demographics About 96,000 subjects More than 25,000 Black study members Mean age at enrolment 58.7 years Age range 30-110 years 35% male, 65% female

  6. What do we look like?

  7. Subjects by Age Percentage

  8. Black Subjects by Age

  9. The Oldest-Old in AHS-2 • 90-99 years of age --- 1043 subjects • 100+ --- 46 subjects They all completed a 50 page questionnaire!!

  10. Education 8.98% 53.07% 20.63% 17.33%

  11. Religion at Age 15 5.74% 34.32% 59.94%

  12. Smoking Status 80.06% 18.79% 1.15%

  13. Alcohol Use 59.43% 33.82% 6.75%

  14. Selected Psychological /Religious Characteristics

  15. Adventist Religion & HealthStudy

  16. Religion Sub-study Population • 10988 members enrolled • 3764 are Black subjects • These were an approximate 11% sample of all Adventist Health study-2 members • 1/3 attend churches <100 members • 1/10 attend churches >1000 members

  17. Frequency of Church Attendance 42% 48.3% 5.7% 3.9%

  18. Family • Of 6,872 married subjects who were active Adventists, 10.4% had non-SDA or inactive SDA spouses • Of their 26,614 children: • 51% are active Adventists • 61% spent at least some time at Adventist schools

  19. Social Circle:Of the people you socialize with, what percentage are Adventist? 51.1% 20.1% 28.3% 20% of Adventists reported approx. 100% of their social circle was Adventist

  20. Church:Do people whom you worship with make you feel loved and cared for? 25.1% 59.2% 15.7%

  21. Church: How often are people whom you worship with critical of you? 56.1% 38.3% 5.6%

  22. Members Treat Each Other as Family? Yes to the question Church Size White Black <100 51% 50% 100-1000 41% 46% >1000 24% 47%

  23. Other Members Listen to You Talk about Personal Problems? “At Least Fairly Often” Church size White Black <100 42% 42% 100-1000 36% 39% >1000 27% 37%

  24. On Sabbath I feel relieved from tensions that I normally experience 72.7% 22.1% 5.2%

  25. Bible Study:How often do you spend time in private Bible study? 47.1% 31.3% 14.2% 7.4%

  26. Belief:Do you feel punished by God for a lack of devotion? 73.5% 15.8% 10.7%

  27. Actions:When coping, I have expressed anger at God for letting terrible things happen 77.4% 19.8% 2.9%

  28. God: Saving vs. Damning 94.9% 4.8% 0.3% Saving Damning

  29. Approving – Disapproving God 75% 11.9% 6.9% 3.4% 0.8% 0.6% 1.4% Approving Disapproving

  30. A sense of justice is more on my mind than God’s mercy 62% 14.2% 11.4% 4.8% 2.1% 2.2% 3.3% Not True Somewhat True Very True

  31. Stress: Traumatic Events • We asked subjects the number of serious physical or emotional traumas they have experienced. • Examples: • Serious illness (cancer, AIDS, leukemia) • Miscarriage or abortion • Family member murdered • Homelessness • Unwanted sexual contact

  32. Stress: Number of Traumas Experienced

  33. Quality of Life in Black and White Adventists compared to Others

  34. Physical and Mental Health Figure 2. Physical and Mental Health based on SF-12 composite scores for Seventh-day Adventist Blacks and Whites and for SF-12 national norms (38). Numbers are scale scores (mean 50, SD 10) for individuals over 35 years of age.

  35. Emotional Health and Religiosity in Adventists

  36. Depression 14.2% of subjects reported feeling somewhat or very depressed

  37. Dietary Characteristics

  38. AHS-2 Counts of vegetarians • Vegans 9,062(9.4%) • L-O vegetarians 30,103 (31.4%) • Semi-vegetarians 4,801 (5.0%) • Pesco-vegetarians 9,793 (10.2%) • Non-vegetarians 42,241 (44.0%)

  39. Dietary Categories: Whites 9.7% 39.6% 36.8% 5.6% 8.3%

  40. Dietary Categories: Blacks 8.7% 15.9% 56.5% 15.6% 3.3%

  41. Dietary Status by Age Group 39.2% 34.4% 25.7% 47.4% 26% 52.4%

  42. Daily Meat Intake – Non-Vegetarians • AHS-2 Results: • Black Non-Vegetarians:61.1 grams per day • White Non-Vegetarians: 41.3 grams per day

  43. Daily Meat Intake – Grams per Day

  44. Dairy Intake

  45. Diet: Mean Servings Per Week 20.44 6.16 4.27 4.69 0.84

  46. Coffee Consumption 69.03% 22.48% 8.49%

  47. Vitamin B12 Intake (Including Supplements)

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