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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!. Engage. ATP Gun Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) Adenosine Ribose Sugar 3 Phosphates. Explore: Cellular Respiration Simulation.

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!

  2. Engage • ATP Gun • Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) • Adenosine • Ribose Sugar • 3 Phosphates

  3. Explore:Cellular Respiration Simulation • To review the "big picture" of metabolism, aiding students in understanding the relationship among glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle, and the ETC.  See the diagram for the simulation layout.

  4. Explore: • Muscle Fatigue • You will be using a procedure to experience and explore lactic acid buildup in muscles.

  5. Explain:Where do our cells get energy? • 6-C sugars are the MAJOR source of energy for cell • What type of macromolecule are 6-C sugars? • Carbohydrates • Cells break down glucose a 6-C sugar to make ATP “energy”

  6. Overall Chemical Process C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + usable energy (ATP)

  7. Cellular Respiration (3-stages) • Glycolysis • Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) • Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Glucose Krebs cycle Electrontransport Glycolysis Fermentation (without oxygen) Alcohol or lactic acid

  8. Flowchart Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) + ATP Glucose(C6H1206) + Oxygen(02) Glycolysis KrebsCycle ElectronTransportChain

  9. Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Glycolysis: Step 1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

  10. Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

  11. Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

  12. Where Cytoplasm • NO O2 required • Energy Yield net gain of 2 ATP at the expense of 2 ATP • 6-C glucose  TWO 3-C pyruvates • Free e- and H+ combine with organic ion carriers called NAD+ NADH + H+ (nicotinamide dinucleotide)

  13. In Glucose (6-C) 2 ATP Out 2 pyruvate; 2(3-C) 2NADH a net of 2 ATP Summary

  14. Questions • Where does glycolysis take place? • Glycolysis energy yield? • Breaks glucose into TWO ________.

  15. The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

  16. Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

  17. Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid • Where mitochondria • Pyruvate (3-C)  Acetic acid (2-C) • 3rd C forms CO2 • Acetic acid combines with Coenzyme A to form ACETYL-CoA

  18. In Pyruvate NAD CoA Out CO2 (as waste) NADH Acetyl-CoA Summary

  19. What is releasing Energy with O2? • Aerobic respiration • Where In mitochondria

  20. Second Step: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) • Where Mitochondrial matrix • Energy Yield 2 ATP and more e- • Acetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form 6-C CITRIC ACID • Citric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C • Gives off a CO2 molecule • NAD+ and FAD pick up the released e- • FAD becomes FADH2 • NAD+ becomes NADH + H+ • Cycle ALWAYS reforming a 4-C molecule

  21. Krebs Cycle

  22. The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

  23. Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

  24. ETC • Where inner membrane of mitochondria • Energy Yield Total of 32 ATP • O2 combines with TWO H+ to form H2O • Exhale - CO2, H2O comes from cellular respiration

  25.  Electron Transport Chain Section 9-2 Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement Channel Mitochondrion Intermembrane Space ATP synthase Inner Membrane Matrix ATP Production

  26. Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle Glycolysis Mitochondrion Cytoplasm Summary

  27. Total ENERGY Yield • Glycolysis 2 ATP • Krebs Cycle 2 ATP • ETC  32 ATP • Total 36 ATP

  28. Elaboration • Respiration Lab • Three experiments that review and further explain the process of cellular respiration

  29. What happens if NO O2? • Cellular respiration process STOPS

  30. Anaerobic DOES NOT require oxygen Simple fast produces smaller amounts of energy (ATP) Aerobic requires oxygen Yields large amounts of energy What is this energy molecule? ATP, ATP, ATP Aerobic vs. Anaerobic

  31. Releasing Energy w/out Oxygen • Anaerobic Respiration • NO Additional ATP is Formed • NO O2 leads to Fermentation • Two Types • Lactic Acid Fermentation • Alcoholic Fermentation

  32. Lactic Acid Fermentation • bacteria, plants and most animals • After glycolysis • 2 pyruvic acid changed to lactic acid • Sometimes happens in your muscles, cramps-----Exercise

  33. Alcoholic Fermentation • Bacteria and fungi (yeast) • Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are the end products • Process used to form beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages • Also used to raise dough, bread

  34. Cellular Respiration Review • Three Main Stages • Glycolysis (2 ATP) • Kreb’s Cycle (2 ATP) • Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP)

  35. Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Glycolysis: Step 1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

  36. Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

  37. Figure 9–3 Glycolysis Section 9-1 Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid To the electron transport chain

  38. The Krebs Cycle: Step 2 Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

  39. Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle Section 9-2 Citric Acid Production Mitochondrion

  40.  Electron Transport Chain: Step 3 Section 9-2 Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement Channel Mitochondrion Intermembrane Space ATP synthase Inner Membrane Matrix ATP Production

  41. Evaluation • Cellular Respiration Concept Map

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