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Exploring Layers of Meaning in Art: A Study of Iconography and Cultural Context

This analysis delves into the complex layers of meaning in various works of art, guided by Erwin Panofsky’s three levels of interpretation: pre-iconographic, iconographic, and iconological. From Govert Flinck's “Marcus Curius Dentatus Preferring Turnips to Gold” to Bernini's “Apollo and Daphne,” and even contemporary pieces like Warhol’s “Jackie,” we explore how culture, history, and symbolism shape our understanding. The investigation highlights the significance of cultural context in artistic representation and how specific meanings evolve through time.

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Exploring Layers of Meaning in Art: A Study of Iconography and Cultural Context

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  1. M E A N I N G

  2. M E A N I N G ideas and values attached to particular images and objects

  3. Govert Flinck,“Marcus Curius Dentatus Preferring Turnips to Gold,” 1656

  4. Three Layers of Meaning(according to Erwin Panofsky): • Pre-iconographic(description with common human knowledge) • Iconographic(description with knowledge of the culture the work comes from – who, when, where, what - which story is depicted?) • Iconological(what is the specific meaning of the work in this particular case – its “message” ?)

  5. Bernini,“Apollo and Daphne,” 1622-1625

  6. “Rig-Veda” (collection of Hindu myths), 1665 Anonymous,“Dancing Shiva,” 12th century

  7. Source: Oral tradition Anonymous, Karagöz and Hacivat

  8. Caravaggio, “St. Catherine,” 1598

  9. ATTRIBUTE An object that helps to identify a historical or fictional figure depicted in a work of art

  10. Walt Disney, “Snow White,” 1937

  11. Andy Warhol, “Jackie,” 1964

  12. “Gaffur” from the Turkish television seriesAvrupa Yakası, 2006

  13. Three Layers of Meaning(according to Erwin Panofsky): • Pre-iconographic(description with common human knowledge) • Iconographic(description with knowledge of the culture the work comes from – who, when, where, what - which story is depicted?) • Iconological(what is the specific meaning of the work in this particular case – its “message” ?)

  14. LEVELS OF INTERPRETATION • Pre-iconographic (General Human knowledge): man with a striped jacket and trousers of the same fabric • Iconographic (Culturally informed knowledge): Pyjama’s, once fashionable in Turkey (ca. 1960’s), now outdated • Iconological (specific meaning of the work):Why did the script writer use this costume? worn by Gaffur not only at home, but also in other peoples’ appartments > doesn’t know how to behave > comical effect

  15. Pieter de Hooch, “Conference Room in the Amsterdam Town Hall,” 1661

  16. Amsterdam Town Hall, ca. 1660

  17. a typicalRoman Forum Jacob van Campen,“Citizen’s Hall” in Amsterdam Town Hall, 1655

  18. Artus Quellinus, “The Continents Honoring Amsterdam,”Amsterdam Town Hall, 1655

  19. Michiel van der Voort,“Pulpit of Antwerp Cathedral,” 1713

  20. = the dominance of Amsterdam over the whole world = the spreading of the Catholic church around the world

  21. Hale Tenger, I know people like this II, 1992

  22. Che Guevara T-shirt

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