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Understanding Sensory & Physical Disabilities: Impacts and Adaptations

Explore the levels of hearing loss, visual impairment, and physical impairments, and learn about the challenges faced by individuals with sensory and physical disabilities. Discover adaptive devices, functional limitations, and effective medication/treatment effects.

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Understanding Sensory & Physical Disabilities: Impacts and Adaptations

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  1. Sensory, Physical, & Medical Disabilities EXC 7770 Dr. Susan Brown Kennesaw State University

  2. Limitations • adaptive devices • attendance • fatigue • functional limitations • medication/treatment effects • pain

  3. Sensory Impairments Hearing Impairment Visual Impairment

  4. Hearing Impairment • Prelingual deafness • onset before language development • Postlingual deafness • onset after language development • Conductive loss • air or bone conduction disruption • Sensory loss • interference in inner ear or neural pathways • Cochlea • primary organ of hearing • connects inner ear pathways to brain pathways

  5. Levels of hearing loss • Hard of hearing • 35-70 decibel loss • Educationally - can learn language through hearing • Deaf • greater than 70 decibel loss • Educationally - cannot learn language through hearing

  6. Visual Impairment • Visual functioning • use of residual vision • Low vision • significant visual impairment but usable vision • Partially sighted • 20/70 - 20/200 vision • Educationally - requires large print

  7. Visual Impairments • Blind • 20/200 or less vision • 20 degrees or less field of vision • Educationally - requires Braille

  8. Developmental maturation • Cephalo-caudal (head to tail) • Proximal-to-distal (central to peripheral) • Gross-to-fine • Physiological flexion (general bending at joints) to antigravity control • Stability to mobility to skilled movement (Heller, Alberto, Forney & Schwartzman, 1996)

  9. Physical Impairments • Muscular • Muscular dystrophy • Muscular sclerosis • Skeletal • Arthritis • Osteogenesis • Scoliosis

  10. Health Impairments • Cystic Fibrosis • Diabetes • Hemophilia • Hepatitis • Sickle Cell Anemia • Abuse • Aids • Allergies • Asthma • Cancer

  11. Congenital and Acquired Impairments • Amputation/missing limbs • Eating disorders • Heart disorder • Respiratory disorders

  12. Neurological • Seizures • Spina Bifida • Traumatic Brain Injury

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