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4 early River Valley Civilizations

4 early River Valley Civilizations. Sumerian Civilization - Tigris & Euphrates Rivers (Mesopotamia). Egyptian Civilization - Nile River. Harappan Civilization - Indus River. Ancient China - Huang He River. “The Four Early River Valley Civilizations”.

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4 early River Valley Civilizations

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  1. 4 early River Valley Civilizations • Sumerian Civilization - Tigris & Euphrates Rivers (Mesopotamia) • Egyptian Civilization - Nile River • Harappan Civilization - Indus River • Ancient China - Huang He River

  2. “The Four Early River Valley Civilizations” • Mesopotamia [Sumer] (Tigris & Euphrates Rivers) • Egypt (Nile River) • Indus Valley (Indus River) • Ancient China (Huang He River) ENTER A Chinese junk on the Huang He today. An artist visualizes what the ancient Chinese village of Banpo on the Huang He may have looked like over 4,000 years ago.

  3. Gobi Desert Taklimakan Desert Himalaya Mts. Pacific Ocean • Geography • Challenges? • Isolation • Barriers – Mountains and Deserts • 10% arable land LOVE

  4. II. Organized Government • A. Dynastic Cycle – established an order to the rule over China • i. Mandate of Heaven • B. Shang: Complex bureaucracy • C. Zhou: Feudalism = little centralized authority • D. Qin: Autocratic; emperor • E. Han: Civil Service Exam; bureaucracy under emperor

  5. III. Cities Cities were within territories that were governed by aristocrats (provinces) Cities (States) worked together to construct walls to keep out invaders – Qin Left: The Ruins of a Shang Dynasty City in Zhengzhou

  6. The Great Wall of China • 30 Feet High • 40 Foot Towers • 1,500 miles long • Built in 7 Years • 500,000 workers died while making the Great Wall

  7. IV. Organized Religion • Life after death and human rituals • Shang: animism combined with ancestor worship • Zhou  Han: 3 philosophies on the nature of man and the universe developed that influenced Chinese society • Confucianism (preferred by the Han) • Daoism • Legalism (preferred by the Qin) 法家

  8. V. Class Structure/Social Stratification • Class system based on occupation • Kings and royals at the top • Aristocracy – includes civil servants (landowners) • Peasants – farmers • Merchants & artisans • Slaves – used for building projects

  9. VI. Writing Simple script (Shang)  complex written language Pictographic & ideographic Only language that did not change its written roots entirely

  10. VII. Art/Architecture (Technological Advancements, too!) • Bronze work (Shang)  Iron work (Han) • Trade networks & advancements • Fore-and-aft rigging; rudder • Confucian Literature • Great Wall & Emperor Shi Huangdi’s mausoleum

  11. THE SILK ROAD Silk Routes, over-land and over-sea

  12. THE SILK ROAD

  13. If you were to bury items in a large pit that would help archeologists in 2000 years identify who you were and what you were about, what would you bury?

  14. Pits of rare birds and animals • Stable pits • Tombs of Emperor Qin’s children • Mass graves of laborers • Pit of two sets of Bronze Chariots and Horses • Pit of Stone Armor and Helmets • Pit of Terra-Cotta Acrobats and a Bronze Tripod • Pit of Civil Officials • Pit of Terra-Cotta Army

  15. Knowing what was included in Shi Huangdi’smausoleum, what can we assume to be true about the first emperor of the Qin dynasty? What kind of ruler/man was he?

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