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Chapter # 7

Chapter # 7. Verb?. Verbs. Main Verbs. Auxiliary Verbs. What is verb?. A verb is a word used primarily to indicate a type of action, such as to fly or to study , though it may also be used to indicate a general state of existence, such as to live, to be and so on. Main Verbs?.

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Chapter # 7

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  1. Chapter # 7 Verb?

  2. Verbs Main Verbs Auxiliary Verbs What is verb? • A verb is a word used primarily to indicate a type of action, such as to fly or to study, though it may also be used to indicate a general state of existence, such as to live, to be and so on.

  3. Main Verbs? The main verb, also known as lexical verb, is a verb that has meaning on its own. You can understand what is said when someone just mention any main verb on its own.. And main verbs can also be used with one or more helping verbs. Look at the main verbs in the following sentences: They always wait for the 6 o'clock train. Every day the dog waits for the postman. I am waiting for a friend. We waited for three hours. Transitive Verbs Intransitive Verbs Ditransitive Verbs Linking Verbs Dynamic Verbs Static Verbs Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs

  4. Auxiliary verbs are used with main verbs to construct the verb phrase. They fall into two groups: Auxiliary verb is a verb which is used to express mood or tense. Auxiliary Verbs Primary Modal Auxiliary Verb?

  5. Primary Auxiliary Verbs? Primary auxiliariesPrimary auxiliary verb is verb which is used to express only tense. The primary auxiliaries are: be, have, and do. They are used in clauses such as: I am eating bread.They have eaten bread.You do eat bread. Primary auxiliaries can also work as main verbs. For example: I am happy to see these names included.I have a new life now and new friends.We do things that are controversial.

  6. Modal Auxiliary Verbs? Modal auxiliariesModal auxiliary verb is a verb which is used to express modality OR Modal auxiliary verb is a verb which is used to add some special meanings to the main verbs of the sentence Modal auxiliary verb is a verb which is used to express only mood. Modal auxiliary verbs cannot work as main verbs and normally appear with a main verb. The full list is… Will/ may/ can/ must/ ought to/shall/ might/ could/ would and should You study English. (simple present tense) You should study English. (advisability)

  7. Usages of modal auxiliary verbs… Primary Usage:the main (common) use of a modal is called primary usage. I can teach English language. (ability) I will go to Canada next month. (future plan) I could play volleyball three years ago. (past ability) Secondary Usage:the other uses of a modal is called secondary usage. He can be sick . (possibility) will you bring me a glass of water? (request) She could be sick. (possibility)

  8. Characteristics of Modal Auxiliary Verbs Auxiliary + simple form of verb can (a) Shabana can play the violin. Not followed by “to” can (a) Shabana can to play the violin. Not in past form can (a) Shabana can played the violin. No -ing form can (a) Shabana can playing the violin. No final -s can (a) Shabana can plays the violin.

  9. Let’s study… WILL SHOULD CAN WOULD MAY COULD MIGHT OUGHT TO SHALL MUST

  10. Expressing Ability: Can & Could Ability I can’t believe that! I can win next year CAN Present Future Dolphins can jump very high

  11. Continued….. Could could = past form of can Ability in the past When we were in college, we couldplay chess for hours. When I was 20, i couldrun very fast.

  12. Expressing Possibility: May & Might (a) It may snow this week. (b) It might snow this week. may, might Present or future possibility Ahmad Might be sick that is why he did not come to class today The weather might be rainy. Might May

  13. Let’s Compare… Maybethe test will be hard. The test may be hard. adverb maybe “possibly” beginning of sentence verb may + the main verb be may be =

  14. Let’s practice I _______ done with this project tomorrow. may be maybe may be

  15. Let’s practice _______ I’ll be done with this project tomorrow. Maybe maybe may be

  16. Using “COULD” to express possibility This could be a long walk Present Possibility It could be rainy tomorrow Future Possibility

  17. Why isn’t this working? I don’t think it’s serious. It could be just a weak battery. present possibility Could=

  18. This error could cause problems in the whole company. future possibility Could =

  19. Let’s practice present future I’d like to visit a beautiful place. We could go to Thailand. ?

  20. Let’s practice ? Oh, no! This could be a problem! present future

  21. Let’s practice This car doesn’t run. The battery could be dead. ? present future

  22. Expressing (giving) Permission: May & Can (i) Yes, you may borrow my pen. (j) Sure, you can borrow my pen. more formal less formal may permission can often used, too May Can (i) Yes, you may not borrow my pen. (j) Sure, you can’t borrow my pen. more formal less formal may deny permission can often used, too

  23. Let’s practice maybe can The boss told me that we ____ use the new color printer. can

  24. Polite Questions (asking for permission): May I, Could I & Can I POLITE QUESTION (a) May I please take your picture? (b) Could I please take your picture? (c) Can I please take your picture? POSSIBLE ANSWERS Of course. Okay. Sure. Yes. Yes. Of course. Certainly. Sorry, not today. Uh-huh. Yes. Certainly.

  25. 7-5 LET’S PRACTICE Let’s practice ? YES NO CORRECT Can I please borrow your car?

  26. 7-5 LET’S PRACTICE Let’s practice ? YES NO CORRECT May I borrow your car?

  27. 7-5 LET’S PRACTICE Let’s practice ? YES NO CORRECT Could I borrow please your car?

  28. Polite Questions (requests): Would you, Could you, Will you and Can you Would you please sit still?

  29. Polite Questions (requests): Would you, Could you, Will you and Can you POLITE QUESTION (a) Would you please explain that again? (b) Could you please explain that again? (c) Will you please explain that again? (d) Can you please explain that again? basically the same meaning

  30. Polite Questions (requests): Would you, Could you, Will you and Can you POLITE QUESTION POLITE ANSWERS (a) Would you please explain that again? Yes. Sure. Uh-huh. Yes. Of course. (b) Could you please explain that again? Certainly. Okay. (c) Will you please explain that again? Of course. I’d be glad to. (d) Can you please explain that again? I’m sorry. I don’t have time.

  31. Polite Questions (requests): Would you, Could you, Will you and Can you POLITE QUESTION (a) Would you please explain that again? INCORRECT: May you please explain that again. (b) Could you please explain that again? (c) Will you please explain that again? can is less formal (d) Can you please explain that again?

  32. 7-6 LET’S PRACTICE Let’s practice ? YES NO CORRECT Could you wash my car yesterday?

  33. 7-6 LET’S PRACTICE Let’s practice ? YES NO CORRECT Will you wash my car, please?

  34. 7-6 LET’S PRACTICE Let’s practice ? YES NO CORRECT May you please wash my car?

  35. Expressing Advice: Should and Ought to You need to study. You should not go out. You need to study. You shouldn’tgo out. They should go home and get some rest. should ought to I have a headache. I take a nap.

  36. Let’s practice should I need a book about geology. You should go to the library.

  37. Let’s practice ought to I need a book about geology. You ought to go to the library.

  38. He’d betterbe careful. His pan is on fire! Had better usually = warning

  39. Let’s practice You’dbetter quitwatching TV all day. Possible bad results?  eat too much catch a cold hurt your eyes not study enough not exercise enough   

  40. Let’s practice He’dbetter not walkthere. Possible bad results?  fall get hurt get the flu be embarrassed fail a test  

  41. Let’s practice He’dbetter stay awakein school. Possible bad results?  miss something get hurt get in trouble fail a test get the flu  

  42. Expressing Necessity: Have to, Have got to and Must I need to hurry. I have togo to soccer practice. This man has to wear ear protection. It is late. We have to go home

  43. Expressing Necessity: Have to, Have got to and Must I want to become a doctor. I go to medical school. have to have got to must have to have got to must same meaning something is necessary Everyone must wear a seatbelt on an airplane.

  44. Expressing Necessity: Have to, Have got to and Must I have togo to soccer practice. We’ve got togo home. Everyone must wear a seatbelt on an airplane. common informal conversation written instructions have to have got to must

  45. Expressing Necessity: Have to, Have got to and Must Do you have to wear seatbelts in your car? Did they all have to come? have to have got to must Questions

  46. Expressing Necessity: Have to, Have got to and Must Do you have to wear seatbelts in your car? Did they all have to come? have to have got to must Questions

  47. Expressing Necessity: Have to, Have got to and Must Do you have to wear seatbelts in your car? Did they all have to come? have to have got to must Questions

  48. Expressing Necessity: Have to, Have got to and Must We had toclean up the mess. Past form: have to have got to must had to

  49. Let’s practice ? YES NO CORRECT Do I must wash all the dishes?

  50. Let’s practice ? YES NO CORRECT Do I have to wash all the dishes?

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