1 / 23

Therapy with Special Groups

Therapy with Special Groups. Couples, Families, and Children. Couples Therapy I. Emotionally focused Couples Therapy Alter emotional responses & interaction styles to create stronger bond Negative affect creates emotional distress More secure attachment leads to relationship stability

inara
Télécharger la présentation

Therapy with Special Groups

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Therapy with Special Groups Couples, Families, and Children

  2. Couples Therapy I • Emotionally focused Couples Therapy • Alter emotional responses & interaction styles to create stronger bond • Negative affect creates emotional distress • More secure attachment leads to relationship stability • 9 treatment steps (p. 424) • Assessment, changing interaction styles, & integration

  3. Couples Therapy II • Behavioral Marital Therapy (BMT) • Applies reinforcement principles to the couple’s interactions • Contingency contracting: one spouse changes a behavior in exchange for the other spouse’s behavioral change • Support-understanding: increase positive behaviors, feelings • Problem-solving: train positive communication skills

  4. Modern Couples Therapy • Integrative Behavioral Couples Therapy • Differs from BMT b/c balances change with acceptance • Functional analysis: antecedents, consequences • Elements: behavior exchange, communication/ problem-solving training, empathic joining, role-playing, self-care

  5. Efficacy of Couples Therapy • Great variability • IBCT higher in efficacy • EFT, BMT adequate efficacy • Humanistic approaches lower • In general, modestly effective

  6. Couples who are ideal candidates for couples therapy: • not severely distressed • inverse relationship between age and outcome • emotional engagement • more sex, affective communication, quality of emotional affection; even conflict • couples whose members are androgynous—do not subscribe to traditional gender roles • relatively few stressors and personal problems • e.g., depression • "higher levels of experiencing"--greater emotional involvement and self-description

  7. Process of change in couples therapy 1. one person expresses a feeling, resulting in a perceptual change in the listener 2. learning to express needs 3. acquiring understanding • taking responsibility for one's own experiences • receiving validation from the partner

  8. Prevention • Interventions most useful immediately after milestones like the birth of a child

  9. When to dissolve a relationship? • The issue of domestic abuse • Often considered reason to dissolve • many therapists treat couples without being aware of domestic violence within the relationship • people have different definitions of abuse

  10. Family Therapy • Emphasis on communication skills • Problems as failure to communicate • General systems theory: family seen as a system which therapy can alter for the better • Increase information gathering among family members • Goals: de-emphasize each individual’s problems & focus on family as a whole • Different approaches have different specific goals

  11. Systems Theory Elements 1. A system consists of a set of elements. 2. Each element acts reciprocally with other elements. 3. A system acts to maintain homeostasis. 4. A system employs well-defined procedures to maintain its integrity.

  12. Family Rx Characteristics • Clear definition of problem • members may see problem differently • Family history gathering • Can lead to greater understanding & communication among members • Shared frame of reference

  13. Conjoint Family Therapy • One therapist sees entire family at same time • Nondirective, passive role • Therapist as a modeler & facilitator of effective communication amongst family members

  14. Other Approaches • Concurrent family therapy • One therapist sees all family members in separate sessions • Collaborative family therapy • Each family member sees different therapist • Therapists meet to discuss the family

  15. Behavioral approaches • View the family in reinforcement contingency terms • Therapist creates functional analysis of family’s difficulties • Identify problematic behaviors, rewards, & consequences • & train more functional approaches instead

  16. Structural therapy • Minuchin • type of CBT • family dynamic that supposedly caused the problem is altered; therapist forces family to find new ways in which to interact • very invasive type of therapy • note that invasive is not necessarily bad-- maybe that's what it takes

  17. Therapy with Children • > 230 approaches • Family therapy, parent-child therapy, individual child therapy, group therapy • Modification of techniques may be necessary depending on child age &/or development • Ex. Less emphasis on introspective, abstract, verbal processes • Often nondirective

  18. Psychoanalytic Child Rx • Anna Freud: children must achieve insight into their feelings, problems • More symptom oriented • Teach children that behaviors can be defenses against anxiety, fear, sadness

  19. Play Therapy • Can be psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, etc. • Play used as a vehicle of communication • Conducted in playroom • Use behaviors, statements made as hints to the child’s frame of mind • How relate to others • Anxieties, fears • Case ex. S.M.: arranging toys • Reenacting of problem situations • Attempts at problem resolution

  20. Behavior therapy • Most commonly used Rx for child behavioral problems • Parents & teachers often involved in Rx plan • Case ex. E.S.: school plan • Parent management training: train parents to modify a child’s behavior at home • Increases likelihood of positive response to Rx

  21. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy • Child is seen in clinic by therapist • Parents interviewed in clinic and trained at nondirective play therapy techniques’ • Given handouts with instructions • 5 min. daily of parent-child interaction at home • Designed to increase positive interactions b/w parents & child, increase child’s sense of importance & mastery • Progress reviewed at weekly sessions

  22. Efficacy of child Rxs • Generally found effective • However, few treatment efficacy studies done with children • Behavioral & cognitive-behavioral approaches tend to be found more effective for more diagnoses • However, easier to examine empirically than other treatment approaches • May be a result of research methods instead of greater efficacy

  23. Ethical issues 1. consent2. confidentiality3. conflict of interest between parents and kids

More Related