1 / 17

NCAR/CU/NOAA Visit to KOPRI Oct 2012

NCAR/CU/NOAA Visit to KOPRI Oct 2012. Air-sea/Ice fluxes Light Winds to Hurricanes Poles to Tropics Momentum, Heat, Moisture, Trace Gases, Aerosol Particles, Radiation, Precipitation Christopher W. Fairall 1 , Jian-Wen Bao 1 , Andrey A. Grachev 1, 2 , Jeff Hare 1, 2

indra
Télécharger la présentation

NCAR/CU/NOAA Visit to KOPRI Oct 2012

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. NCAR/CU/NOAA Visit to KOPRIOct 2012 Air-sea/Ice fluxes Light Winds to Hurricanes Poles to Tropics Momentum, Heat, Moisture, Trace Gases, Aerosol Particles, Radiation, Precipitation Christopher W. Fairall 1 , Jian-Wen Bao1, Andrey A. Grachev 1, 2 , Jeff Hare 1, 2 LudovicBariteau 1, 2, Ola Persson 1, 2 D. Helmig, J. Edson, B. Huebert, B. Blomquist, M. Rowe 1 NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory/Physical Science Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA 2 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Review - Boulder, Colorado

  2. APPROACH Direct Flux Observations Tech Development, Near-surface, Boundary-Layer Observations Fundamental Physics Navier-Stokes, Turbulent Kinetic Energy budget equations, scalar conservation • Direct data used principally to develop parameterizations, improve the observing system, and ‘verify’ model results Flux Parameterization Similarity scaling, cloud-radiative coupling, deposition velocities Research Numerical Models 1-D Closure, Large Eddy Simulation, Mesoscale, Cloud Resolving, Regional NOAA Models Operational Numerical Weather Prediction Climate Models Ocean FluxObserving System Research Vessels (SAMOS), Ship Opportunity (COADS), Flux Reference Buoys (OceanSites), Satellites (SEAFLUX ) NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Review - Boulder, Colorado

  3. Range of Estimates of Evaporation Rates From Three Global Products Comparison of monthly mean latent heat fluxes from NCEP (Kalnay et al. 1996), ERA-40 (Uppala et al. 2005), and Optimal Analysis Flux (Yu and Weller, 2007). NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Review - Boulder, Colorado

  4. TECHNOLOGY EXAMPLE: Motion-Corrected Eddy-Covariance Turbulence Measurements from Ships NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Review - Boulder, Colorado

  5. Example of Turbulent Flux Instruments NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Review - Boulder, Colorado

  6. Ship Motion Corrections NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Review - Boulder, Colorado

  7. ‘Planes, Trains, and Automobiles’ - A Diversity of Experimental Approaches NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Review - Boulder, Colorado

  8. Surface Turbulent Flux Parameterizations Turbulent Fluxes: Bulk Parameterization Flux= Mean correlation of turbulent variables, <w’x’> MetFlux – Dominated by atmospheric turbulent transfer physics GasFlux – Dominated by oceanic molecular transfer physics; Enhanced by whitecap bubbles Transfer coefficients computed from direct flux measurements NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Review - Boulder, Colorado

  9. NOAA COARE AIR SEA TURBULENT FLUX MODEL • 1996 Bulk Meteorological fluxes • Update 2003 (7200 covariance obs*) • Oceanic cool skin • Ocean diurnal warm layer • 2000 CO2 [U. Conn and Columbia U] • 2003 Hurricane Sea Spray • 2004 DMS [U. Hawaii] • 2005 Snow/Ice [US Army CRREL] • 2006 Ozone [U. Colorado] • 2008 PCBs and PCEs [Mich. Tech. U] • 2009 Hurricanes [UNSW Australia] • 2010 79 Trace gases • 2011 COAREG3.1 CO2, DMS, 3He, CO, O3, SF6 PSD cruises Pacific Ocean 1991-2001 *Complete flux data time series publically available under ‘Data Sets’ at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/psd3/wgsf/ NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Review - Boulder, Colorado

  10. Synthesis On Turbulent Flux Parameterizations:Combined Observations from ESRL, UConn, UMiami Neutral turbulent transfer coefficients at z=10 m as a function of wind. Symbols are Direct Data (14,450 observations; 90% between 3 and 17 m/s) Dash Lines are Parameterizations *Observations of 3 Research Groups Agree Closely ( with 5%) But Need More High Speed Data *Spread of Parameterizations is Greater Than Spread of Observations *NOAA COARE model is the best fit NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Review - Boulder, Colorado

  11. Background On Flux – Transfer Velocity Relationships • The flux, Fx, of trace gases between the atmosphere and ocean: • Xw=concentration in the water, Xa=concentration in air • r subscript reference height/depth zr • s subscript at interface • kx=transfer velocity for X • More general form of k includes water-side and air-side transfer processes expressed as RESISTANCES, R • Gases reactive in water • ‘Chemical enhancement factor β • If enhancement is large, transfer velocity usually called deposition velocity NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Review - Boulder, Colorado

  12. NOAA COARE Gas Transfer Algorithm:COARE Turbulent-Molecular Physics and Woolf Bubble Physics Bubbles enhance transfer on ocean side Atmos Resistance Ocean Resistance A is adjustable constant, phi a buoyancy function Woolf bubble xfer velocity B is adjustable constant Wb is whitecap fraction U*afrom COARE3.0 bulk flux algorithm: Windspeed or wave-based u* relationships NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Review - Boulder, Colorado

  13. Physical vs Chemical Dependence The chemical parameter, CP, for chemicals having a range in solubility at 20 °C. Dimensionless solubility and Schmidt numbers in air and water are shown for comparison. NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Review - Boulder, Colorado

  14. Summary Plots of CO2 and DMS Transfer Velocity Observations In COARE3.0 the nonbubble term uses u* total; in COARE3.1 it uses u* viscous. Because DMS is more soluble, the bubble contribution is much lower than CO2 NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Review - Boulder, Colorado

  15. Contrast to Stress/Heat Coefficients: Large Uncertainties Remain for Gas Transfer Gas Transfer Sensitivity to: *Solubility *Wave breaking *Bubbles *Tangential vs Pressure (wave) stress *Surfactants *Temperature *Complex chemistry *Biology NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Review - Boulder, Colorado

  16. The Future* *Regimes *High winds (U> 15 m/s) *High latitudes *Processes *Wave Effects *Sea Spray and Bubbles *More gas species *Process Observing Systems *Airborne (P-3) wave/interface *Research Vessels and SAMOS *New generation flux buoys *NWP/Climate Model Fluxes *Operational NWP fluxes -SURFA Ratio of heat to momentum transfer coefficients: Equivalent to ratio of energy input to frictional loss. *Fairall, C. & 18 Co-Authors, 2010: Observations to Quantify Air-Sea Fluxes and Their Role in Climate Variability and Predictability in Proceedings of OceanObs’09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21-25 September 2009, Hall, J., Harrison D.E. & Stammer, D., Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306. NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Review - Boulder, Colorado

  17. NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Review - Boulder, Colorado

More Related