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Cardiovascular Function and Exercise

Cardiovascular Function and Exercise. Tonya Allison, Stephanie Berkenbile, Eva Horton, Kate McSherry, Vicki Seftar Sam Noble Museum, Norman, OK June 2007. Introduction. Cardiovascular System: Heart Vessels Arteries Veins Blood Oxygen. Introduction (cont.).

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Cardiovascular Function and Exercise

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  1. Cardiovascular Function and Exercise Tonya Allison, Stephanie Berkenbile, Eva Horton, Kate McSherry, Vicki Seftar Sam Noble Museum, Norman, OK June 2007

  2. Introduction Cardiovascular System: • Heart • Vessels • Arteries • Veins • Blood • Oxygen

  3. Introduction (cont.) What does the cardiovascular system do? • Circulates the blood throughout the body. • Delivers nutrients and oxygen to our working tissues (like muscles).

  4. Introduction (cont.) Each time we perform any activity, we change the work load on muscles throughout our body. • Therefore, the demand for oxygen might change • Exercise • Continuously exerting your muscles beyond resting levels • May exaggerate these expected changes • Increase demand for oxygen

  5. How does our cardiovascular system respond?

  6. What are the immediate changes in cardiovascular function after exercise?

  7. Measuring Cardiovascular Function • Heart Rate (pulse) • How fast the heart beats. • Number of beats per minute. • Blood Pressure • Systolic Pressure • Pressure within the blood vessels when the heart pumps. • The top number in a blood pressure reading. • Diastolic Pressure • Pressure within the blood vessels when the heart fills up with blood. • The bottom number in a blood pressure reading. • Relates to circulation (blood flow)

  8. Questions For Our Project: 1) How does a single bout of exercise affect heart rate? 2) How does a single bout of exercise affect blood pressure?

  9. Hypotheses For Our Project: 1) A single bout of exercise will increase heart rate. 2) A single bout of exercise will increase blood pressure.

  10. Methods

  11. Bob Participants Jeff Men and women who were: • Apparently healthy • Questionnaire • Adult (ages 55 years and younger) • Self-report • Non-obese • Determined BMI less than 30.0 • Fasting • No food or drink (other than water) the morning of testing • No smoking the morning of testing • No Exercise • No strenuous activity the morning of testing Lindsey Wendy

  12. Measurements • Height • Using a stadiometer • Shoeless • Hands on hips • Weight • Electronic scale • Minimal clothing • Body Mass Index (BMI) • Weight/(Height)2

  13. Measurements • Heart Rate (pulse) • Beats per minute • Radial artery (thumb side of wrist) • Blood Pressure • Sphygmomanometer (mmHg) • Cuff on left bicep • Stethoscope • Listen for heartbeat at the top of the elbow • First heartbeat heard is systolic • Last heartbeat heard is diastolic

  14. Order of Testing • Initial Screening • Height/weight/BMI calculation • Short, 4-part questionnaire • Smoking • Quantity • Caffeine • Average Activity Level (per week) • Resting heart rate and blood pressure • 2 minutes walking on staircase at a comfortable pace • Exercise heart rate and blood pressure • Immediately following exercise

  15. Results

  16. Subject Characteristics

  17. Heart Rate Comparison

  18. Blood Pressure Comparison

  19. Conclusions • We saw that heart rate was higher after exercise. • This may be how the cardiovascular system responds to the increase in work load. • We saw that blood pressure was higher after exercise. • This shows that exercise increased blood flow.

  20. Is Pressure Related to Pulse?

  21. Heart Rate & Systolic Blood Pressure Increasing the heart rate pumps more blood. More blood pumped causes the pressure to increase.

  22. Heart Rate & Diastolic Blood Pressure The same isn’t true for diastolic blood pressure. This is probably because of dilation of blood vessels with exercise.

  23. In our project, we also found…

  24. Blood Pressure Between Genders

  25. Heart Rate Between Genders

  26. Caffeine & Blood Pressure

  27. Heart Rate & Caffeine

  28. Age and Heart Rate

  29. Heart Rate & Body Size Normal Weight: BMI: 18 - 24.9 Overweight: BMI: 25 – 29.9 Obesity: BMI: ≥ 30.0

  30. Future Questions: 1) What causes the difference in blood pressure between men and women? 2) Does caffeine alter cardiovascular function? How Much? Short-term? Long-term? 3) Does age affect cardiovascular function? 4) Does body size affect cardiovascular function? Obesity? Body composition?

  31. The End

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