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Objective: describe the properties of nonmetals and tell how metalloids are useful. . Name four different types of metals and where they are located on the Periodic table . DO NOW . Nonmetals and Metalloids . Life on Earth depends on these.

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DO NOW

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  1. Objective: describe the properties of nonmetals and tell how metalloids are useful. Name four different types of metals and where they are located on the Periodic table DO NOW

  2. Nonmetals and Metalloids • Life on Earth depends on these. • Compared to metals, nonmetals have a wider variety of properties. • Nonmetals have some properties in common.

  3. Properties of nonmetals • A nonmetal is an element that lacks most of the properties of a metal • Most nonmetals are poor conductors of electricity and heat and are reactive with other elements. • Solid nonmetals are dull and brittle. • Many of the nonmetals are common elements on the Earth.

  4. Physical properties • 10 of the 16 nonmetals are gas at room temperature • The air is made mostly of 2 nonmetals, Nitrogen and Oxygen. • Bromine is the only nonmetal that is liquid at room temperature. • Carbon, Iodine, and sulfur are all solids at room temperature.

  5. Physical Properties • Solid nonmetals are dull, and brittle (opposite of metals) • Usually have lower densities than metals. • Poor conductors of heat and electricity

  6. Chemical Properties • Most nonmetals are reactive, the readily form compounds. • Group 18 rarely form compounds • Atoms of nonmetals usually gain or share electrons when they form compounds.

  7. Families of Nonmetals • Carbon family • Carbon is the only nonmetal in the family • Nitrogen family • Group 15, nitrogen and phosphorous are the only nonmetals • Nitrogen does not readily react with other elements • Nitrogen occurs in nature as a diatomic molecule (consists of 2 atoms)

  8. Families of Nonmetals • Oxygen family • Has 3 nonmetals • Gain or share 2 electrons when reacting • Halogen family • “salt forming” • 4 nonmetals • All are very reactive and uncombined elements are dangerous to humans • Gain or share 1 electron

  9. Families of Nonmetals • The noble gases • Do not readily form compounds because they do not gain, lose, or share electrons • All exist in Earth’s atmosphere in very small amounts • Hydrogen • Simplest and smallest atom • Cannot be grouped into a family • Makes up 90% of the atoms in the universe but only 1 % of the mass of the Earth’s atmosphere, water, and crust.

  10. Metalloids • Have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals • There are 8 of them • The most useful property is their varying ability to conduct electricity. • Temperature • Exposure to light • Presence of small amounts of impurities • Semiconductors • Substances that can conduct electricity under some conditions but not under others

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