Ch. 17 The West between the Wars

1. Ch. 17The West between the Wars 1922-1936

2. 17:1 Objectives: • List causes and effects of the Great Depression. • Describe the U.S. response to the Depression. • Explain some weaknesses of the League of Nations.

3. 17:1 study guide • 1. Weakness of the League of nations • 2. reparations and Germany’s payment problem. • 3. inflation • 4. Dawes Plan • 5. Treaty of Locarno • 6. Kellogg-Briand Pact • 7. depression • 8. causes and effects of the depression • 9. How do Germany, France, Britain and US deal with the depression?

4. 17:1 Search for Stability • League of Nations is weak. • U. S. does not join the League of Nations. • Reparations- • Germany has trouble paying up.

5. Inflation – • $ becomes worthless. • 1914- 4.2 marks = $1US • Nov1,1923 130billion = $1US • Nov30,1923 4 trillion = $1US

6. Dawes Plan- • coordinated German annual payments with its ability to pay & granting $200 million loan. • This opened the door to heavy American investments in Europe. • Treaty of Locarno- • France & Germany agree on borders

7. Kellogg-Briand Pact – • signed by 63 nations pledged to “renounce war as an instrument of national policy” • But…no way to enforce promises. • Depression – period of low economic activity & rising unemployment • (devastated morale, led to extremist political parties , creating conditions for WWII)

8. CAUSES: • Overproduction = falling prices • International financial crisis (US stock market) EFFECTS: -Increased gov’t activity in economics -renewed interest in Marxist theory (led people to follow political leaders who offered simple solutions in return for dictatorial power)

9. GERMANY: William II leadership to end with war; depression=unemployment & fear • FRANCE: became strongest power in Europe; • later economic instability led to political effects; Popular Front Government = collective bargaining- right for unions to negotiate with employers over wage/hours • Problems of depression = little confidence in political system

10. BRITAIN: New conservative gov’t; • John Maynard Keynes – economist • Deficit Spending – • Spending $ gov’t doesn’t have=

11. UNITED STATES: • FDR – “New Deal” • WPA – Works Progress Administration • Social Security Act

12. 17:1 SUMMARY • List causes and effects of the Great Depression. • Describe the U.S. response to the Depression. • Explain some weaknesses of the League of Nations. • see p. 534 “Flu Epidemic”

13. 17:2 The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes • What are Totalitarian and Fascism gov’ts? • Where did they rule and who were the leaders? • How did Mussolini take over Italy? • When and who created the USSR? • How does Stalin change the Soviet Unions economy?

14. EUROPE Totalitarian – gov’t that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual & culture lives of its citizens.

15. Fascism – • emphasizes strong central gov’t led by a dictator ruler; people are controlled by gov’t & opposition is suppressed. • Benito Mussolini – Italy • (Father of Fascism) • Il Duce – “The Leader” P 542 People in History

16. Russia had Lenin and Communism after WWI • NEP – New Economic Policy • (saved Russia from economic disaster) • 1922 Lenin/Communist formally create the USSR – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics • 1924…Lenin dies

17. Politburo – 7 member policy-making body of Communist Party • Leon Trotsky & Joseph Stalin p. 543 People in History @ Joseph Stalin

18. Stalin ends NEP ; replaces with his • 5 – year Plan - to transform Russia from an agricultural country to Industrial country • Collectivization - system where private farms were eliminated; gov’t owned land/peasants worked it. • The Great Purge of 1930’s

19. SUMMARY • What are Totalitarian and Fascism gov’ts? • Where did they rule and who were the leaders? • How did Mussolini take over Italy? • When and who created the USSR? • How does Stalin change the Soviet Unions economy?

20. 17:3 Hitler & Nazi Germany • OBJECTIVE: • Explain how Hitler and the Nazi Party established a totalitarian state in Germany

21. Adolf Hitler • 1921 took control of German Workers’ Party… • National Socialist German Workers’ Party.. • NAZI • Racism & anti-Semitism

22. “ Mein Kampf”…..“My Struggle” • About his movement and basic ideas: • Extreme German nationalism • Strong anti-Semitism • Anti Communism • ….linked by social Darwin theory of struggle emphasizes right of superior nations to “living space” thru expansion & right of superior individuals to gain authoritarian leadership over masses

23. Nazi Party becomes largest in German Parliament = Reichstag *Hitler becomes a dictator appointed by parliament…..Enabling Act Concentration Camps set up for those who opposed new regime President Hindenburg died 1934…. Hitler = Fuhrer

24. p. 550 Hitler Youth Organization Aryan racial state to dominate Third Reich = Empire of Nazi Germany

25. “SS” Guard Squadrons

26. Hitler used a massive rearmament program to put people back to work from depression. • Nuremberg Laws (1935) – excluded Jews from German citizenship & required them to wear Star of David • Kristallnacht = “night of shattered glass” • Destructive rampage against Jews

27. SUMMARY • Explain how Hitler and the Nazi Party established a totalitarian state in Germany • SEE “3 DICTATORS” CHART P. 552 (2Q’S)

28. 17:4 Cultural & Intellectual Trends • Objective: Describe popular forms of entertainment used to spread political messages

29. Radio, Movies • Mass Leisure…offered new ways totalitarian states controlled people • Artist after WWI... “The world doesn’t make sense, why should art?”

30. Photomontage – combo of pics (collage’) • Artistic movements: Dada and surrealism • Both reflect unconscious content of the mind

31. Summary • : Describe popular forms of entertainment used to spread political messages • Explain how Hitler and the Nazi Party established a totalitarian state in Germany • What are Totalitarian and Fascism gov’ts? • Where did they rule and who were the leaders? • How did Mussolini take over Italy? • When and who created the USSR? • How does Stalin change the Soviet Unions economy?