Millennium Development Goals

Millennium Development Goals Bhutan & Bangladesh Alicia Madsen & Diana Garcia Determine which country is closer to achieving its developmental goal (*=success)

Goal #1 Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty -Build up the economy and provide relief

Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty *Bhutan* Bangladesh Poor water quality Investing in nutrition to improve child and maternal health Government has adopted its Vision 2021 and associated Perspective Plan 2010-2021, goal of graduation from LDC to middle-income status 47 million people are still below the poverty line Increased per-capita income by more than 130 percent (reducing poverty rate by 60 percent) Rice production has more than tripled On track and likely to meet their goal of eradicating extreme hunger Poverty (Population living on less than 1 US$ per day): 36% (1990-2004) • Bhutan has experienced significant declines in poverty. • Bhutan was able to reduce poverty from 36.3% in 2000 to 12.0% in 2012. • An estimated 12% of the population is found to be poor. • Poverty is linked to Bhutan’s low food production and weak agricultural systems. • Bhutan is well to achieving their extreme poverty and hunger goal by 2015.

Goal #2 Achieve Universal Primary Education -Provide better education for the youth

Achieve Universal Primary Education *Bhutan* Bangladesh Secondary and tertiary education is limited & quality of education requires further strengthening. Gender parity has been achieved at several levels and girls are outnumbering boys even at tertiary level. Budgetary, on education nearly doubled from 8.16 percent to 15.51percent between 1980 and 2000 Total Youth Literacy Rate (15–24 years) 64% (1995-2004) Despite efforts by the Government to promote education levels of illiteracy are still very high 60 million Bangladeshis are illiterate • The Gross Primary Enrollment Ratio for Bhutan has increased from 55% in 1990 to 118% in 2012(showing an average growth of 4.0% per year) • 1% of 6-12 year old children are studying abroad and around 2% of the 6-12 year olds are enrolled in monastic institutions • The Royal Government is confident the target of 100% NPER will be achieved before 2015.

Goal #3 Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women -Equal rights and allowing all genders to have a say in the government

Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women *Bhutan* Bangladesh 60 percent of women reported experiencing domestic and occupational violence in 2011 Women’s labor force participation rates vs men at 36 percent versus 82.5 percent 4 Targets 1: Eliminate violence against women and girls 2: Promote the human rights of adolescent girls 3: Women and men benefit equally from the economy 4: Women have an equal say in decisions that affect their lives • Girls’ enrollment in school is about 50%, at primary and secondary education level in 2012. • Girl’s enrollment in the Secondary education has increased from 45% in 2002 to 53.5% in 2012 • They are on their way to meeting their goal; slowly but surely

Goal #4 Reduce Child Mortality -Increase the life expectancy of young children

Reduce Child Mortality Bhutan *Bangladesh* Life expectancy at birth increased 67.2 years in 2009, maternal and infant mortality rates have fallen markedly. Goal: reducing adolescent girls’ childbearing Infant mortality rates have fallen markedly Achieved; reduce the under-5 mortality rate by two-thirds. Remarkable progress has been made: child mortality • Between 1990 and 2012, mortality of under-five children has been reduced by half. • Three quarters of the target has been achieved by Bhutan.

Goal #5 Improve Maternal Health -Reducing maternal mortality and improving adolescent health

Improve Maternal Health *Bhutan* Bangladesh Investing in nutrition to improve child and maternal health Reducing adolescent girls’ childbearing; reduce overall maternal mortality Bangladesh Maternal Mortality Survey 2010 shows only 26.5 percent of births attended by skilled health personnel • Bhutan has reduced maternal mortality rates between 1990 and 2012 from 560 in 1990 to 155 in 2012 (nearly ¾!) • Significant progress of ensuring that health personnel attend all births has been made from just 19% in 1990 to 69% in 2012 • Bhutan is well on track to achieve their goal to below 140 per 100,000 live births by 2015.

Goal #6 Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases -Fight disease and provide cures

Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases *Bhutan* Bangladesh HIV infection rates are higher among migrant workers than the general population Number of new infections is still increasing Bangladesh has succeeded in keeping HIV prevalence at a very low level of around 0.01% • In 2012, a total of 297 cases had been detected • It is estimated that more than 500 people could be infected but are not yet detected • Total number of cases: <.01% • About 88% of all HIV/AIDS cases detected so far fall into the age group between the ages of 20 to 49. • Only 194 cases of malaria were detected in 2012 • 1993: 63 deaths • 2007: 2 deaths

Goal #7 Ensure Environmental Sustainability -Protect the environment and improve resources

Ensure Environmental Sustainability *Bhutan* Bangladesh Focused on conservation of natural resources Socioeconomic environment; enhanced protection from climate change and natural disasters Transitioning to low-carbon energy sources while promoting energy-efficient technologies Being more cautious of who they trade with to ensure quality of resources Goal: fully off track and unlikely to be met • The country continues to maintain a healthy forest cover of 81% of the total land area with 28% maintained as protected areas. • Bhutan in 4th place among the Asian countries in its environmental performance • Bhutan has met their Environmental Sustainability goal

Goal #8 Develop a Global Partnership for Development -Reaching out to other nations; assistance, trade, and expansion

Develop a Global Partnership for Development Bhutan *Bangladesh* Out of 34 member states of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), only nine countries provided US$ 363.99 million ODA to Bangladesh in 2010-11 Strong and reliable telecommunication infrastructure Cellular subscribers per 100 population are 64.6% in 2012 which was zero in 1990 Internet users per 100 population is 20.5% in 2012, which was 0.15, 0.20 and 3.4 in 2005, 2006 and 2008 • Youth unemployment rate has increased from 2.6% in 1998 to 7.3% in 2012 • Telephone lines has increased from 4052 in 1990 to 35420 in 2007 • Cellphone services introduced in November 2003 also witnessed a major growth in the number of users (5,000 at the end of 2003 to 19,000 by the end of 2004) • MDG Acceleration Framework (MDGAF) has been put in place in Bhutan to deal with this issue. • Improvement has been decreasing and it is unlikely that Bhutan will meet its goal.

Sources • http://www.bt.undp.org/content/bhutan/en/home/mdgoverview/overview/mdg3/ • http://www.worldwewant2015.org/bitcache/76aa8acc8a6cac68a261a6dce66edc3c091f44b7?vid=404367&disposition=attachment&op=download • http://www.thp.org/where_we_work/south_asia/bangladesh/overview • http://www.unesco.org/uil/litbase/?menu=4&programme=33 • http://www.thp.org/where_we_work/south_asia/bangladesh/overview • http://www.bd.undp.org/content/bangladesh/en/home/mdgoverview/overview/mdg8/

Millennium Development Goals