Workshop on Safer Housing for Earthquakes in Developing Countries

Workshop for Development of Comprehensive Strategies for Safer Housing for Earthquakes in Developing Countries focusing on Conventional Houses JICA’s Assistance for Disaster Prevention-Building a Strong Country Against Disasters- 12 October 2005 Masafumi NAGAISHI Team Director, Disaster Management Team, Group III (Water Resources and Disaster Management), Global Environment Department, JICA

Contents 1. JICA’s Assistance in Disaster Prevention 2. Current Trend of Assistance in Disaster Prevention 3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance and in the On-going Projects (1)Mexico (CENAPRED Project) (2)Peru (CISMID Project) (3)a series of assistance in Turkey (4)El Salvador (South-South Cooperation) 4. JICA’s Approach to Effective Assistance in Disaster Prevention 5. JICA’s Organization (1)Issue-based Department (2)On-going Project in charge of Disaster Management Team

JICA’s Assistance in Disaster Prevention • - Disaster Management Cycle - • JICA’s Assistance Corresponding to Disaster Management Cycle (DMC) Preparation for Disaster (Development Studies, Grant Aid, Tech. Coop. Projects) Disaster Impact Preparedness Mitigation Response/Relief Relieve Disaster Victims (Disaster Relief) Grant Aid Recovery Recovery from Disaster (Development Studies, Grant Aid) Learn from Past Experiences (Technical Training)

JICA’s Assistance in Disaster Prevention • - Past Performance - • Disaster Management Project Conducted (1990 to 2003)  about 170 ◆Romania (earthquake) ▲Armenia (landslide) Turkey ◆ ▲ (earthquake) ◆Nepal (disaster in general) ▲Iran (earthquake) ▲●Bangladesh (flood, meteorology) ▲Morocco (flood) ▲●Philippines （flood, earthquake） ◆Barbados (disaster mgt) Mexico◆ (earthquake) ● Cambodia (flood) Maldives● (tsunami) Honduras● (hurricane) ▲ Colombia (disaster in general) ●Fiji （meteorology） Peru ◆ (earthquake) ▲：Development Study ●：Grant Aid ◆：Technical Cooperation Project

JICA’s Assistance in Disaster Prevention • - Past Performance - Draught Strom Surge 8.2% Hurricane/Typhoon 9.6% • By Disaster Type Flood Earthquake 7.7% 49.5% Sediment 17.3% Volcanic Eruption 2.9% • Disaster Type by Year (After 1990)

JICA’s Assistance in Disaster Prevention • - Past Performance - Africa Middle East South America • By Region South East Asia Central America, Caribbean Pacific • Region by Year East Asia South West Asia (After 1990)

JICA’s Assistance in Disaster Prevention • - Past Performance - Technical Cooperation Project Development Study • By Scheme Grant Aid • Scheme by Year (After 1990)

2. Current Trend of Assistance in Disaster Prevention Mitigation > Relief • Relief > Mitigation • Structural Measures Optimum Combination of Structural and Non- Structural Measures • Capacity Development of Central and Local Government • Enhancement of Individual and Community’s coping capacity to Natural Disaster

2. Current Trend of Assistance in Disaster Prevention • Flood Control Centered to Various Disasters • Structural Centered Measures to Integrated Approach with Non-structural Measures • Reconstruction Assistance with the Viewpoint of Sustainable Development • Emergency Assistance with the Viewpoint of Development from the Needs / Damage Assessment Stages

3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance and in the On-going Projects (1)Mexico • The Earthquake Disaster Prevention Project (CENAPRED Project) (2)Peru • The Japan-Peru Center for Earthquake Engineering Research and Disaster Mitigation (CISMID Project) (3)Turkey • The Establishment of Earthquake Disaster Prevention Research Center • The Study on a Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Basic Plan in Istanbul • Disaster and Emergency Management Training • Training Project on Disaster Mitigation (4)El Salvador • Enhancement of Technology for Construction of Earthquake-Resistant Popular Housing (South-South Cooperation)

3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance - CENAPRED Project in Mexico - Mar/1995 Signing of R/D for 2-years Extension Period of CENAPRED Project Mar/1990 Completion of Construction of CENAPRED and Provision of Machinery and Equipment by Grant Aid (1.25billion yen) R/D R/D Apr/1995-Mar/1997 2-years Extension Period Apr/1990-Mar/1995 5-years Original Period Mar/1990 Signing of Record of Discussion (R/D) for 5-years Original Period of CENAPRED Project

3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance - CENAPRED Project in Mexico - • Counterpart in Mexico National Disaster Prevention Center (CENAPRED) • Input by Japanese side for 7-years Project Period

CENAPRED functions as an organization executing investigations, training and disseminating activities 3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance - CENAPRED Project in Mexico - • Researchers those people concerned with construction obtain and improve the knowledge in the field of earthquake resistant structure and strong motion earthquake observation. • DRO (Director Responsible for Works) obtain and improve the knowledge on seismic engineering and earthquake resistance engineering. • Research outputs are disseminated among those who concerned with construction and information of disaster prevention is disseminated among people at large. Overall Goal Earthquake Disaster Prevention in Mexico is promoted. Projects Purpose Outputs

3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance - CISMID Project in Peru - Jun/1986 Signing of Record of Discussion (R/D) for 5-years Original Period of CISMID Project R/D R/D M/M Jun/1986-Jun/1991 5-years Original Period Jun/1991-Jun/1993 2-years Extension Period Apr/2000-Mar/2001 1-year Aftercare Program Oct/1999 Signing of M/M for 1-years Aftercare Program of CISMID Project Jun/1991 Signing of R/D for 2-years Extension Period of CISMID Project

3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance - CISMID Project in Peru - • Counterpart in Peru The Japan-Peru Center for Earthquake Engineering Research and Mitigation (CISMID) (composed of the staff in) National University of Engineering (UNI) • Input by Japanese side for 7-years Project Period

3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance - CISMID Project in Peru - Projects Purpose To study, develop and improve systematically technologies and techniques on earthquake disaster mitigation in Peru • To conduct experimental and analytical research necessary to improve seismic performance of buildings in Peru, thus contributing to the development of seismic and economical construction techniques. • To study safety assessment against earthquake disasters in urban areas and measures to mitigate the disasters in order to prepare for possible disasters in urban area in Peru. Technology Development Training Program Dissemination Activities To transfer the research results of the Technology Development to other research, academic, and administrative bodies, so that the results can be effectively incorporated into practice. To establish courses in the field of earthquake engineering including seismology and urban disaster mitigation for the purpose of providing basic education and training in the said field.

3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance - a series of assistance in Turkey - R/D Mar/1993 Signing of Record of Discussion (R/D) for Project Type Technical Cooperation Oct/2005-Jul/2007 Training Project on Disaster Mitigation S/W Apr/2001-Dec/2002 Development Study Apr/1994-Mar/1999 Project Type Technical Cooperation Oct/1999 Signing of S/W on “the Study on Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Basic Plan in Istanbul including Seismic Microzonation” Jul/2003-Mar/2005 Disaster and Emergency Management Training for Managers

3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance -The Establishment of Earthquake Disaster Prevention Research Center in Turkey- • Counterpart Organization Earthquake Disaster Prevention Research Center [Ankara] Earthquake Data Collection and Vulnerability Evaluation Subcenter (EDCVE) General Directorate of Disaster Affairs, Ministry of Public Works and Settlement [Ankara] Earthquake Engineering Research Subcenter (EER) Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University [Istanbul] • Input by Japanese side

3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the Past Performance -The Establishment of Earthquake Disaster Prevention Research Center in Turkey- Super Goal Reduction of earthquake risk in Turkey Project Goal Time-saving for emergency responses by establishing of practical system after an earthquake Reduction of vulnerability of buildings by the upgrading of structural performance against earthquakes Project Purpose To establish experimental systems for improving structural performance against earthquakes To accumulate knowledge for information system of earthquake: damage-analyzing for settlement and personnel EDCVE Subcenter EER Subcenter Outputs • As an organization in the EDPC to establish and manage EDCVE Subcenter, and training people • To establish EDCVE system, with several local stations and one regional station at Samsun, having one center station at Ankara, and to establish the groundwork of accumulation system for data-analysis techniques of earthquake disasters • As an organization in the EDPC to establish and manage EER Subcenter, and training people • By using each experimental system in the EER Subcenter, accumulation of experimental data on retrofitting and strengthening of buildings

3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the On-Going Project - El Salvador (South-South Cooperation) - • Project Name Enhancement of Technology for Construction of Earthquake-Resistant Popular Housing • Project Period Jun/2003-May/2008 (5-years) • Input by Mexico, Peru and Japan South-South Cooperation El Salvador Mexico Japan • Counterpart • Ministerio de Obras Publicas, Vice Ministerio de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano (VMVDU) • Universidad Centroamericana (UCA) • Universidad el Salvador (UES) • Fundasion Salvadorena de Desarrollo y Vivienda Minima (FUNDASAL) • Experts • Counterpart Training in Mexico • Experts • Counterpart Training in Japan • Provision of Machinery and Equipment Peru • Experts • Counterpart Training in Peru

To improve earthquake-resistant of popular housing 3. Example of JICA’s Assistance in the On-Going Project - El Salvador (South-South Cooperation) - • Equipment, facilities and systems for earthquake-resistance experiment of popular housing is established. • Researchers and engineers obtain the technologies and techniques of earthquake-resistance engineering and the capacity of dissemination is improved. • The model of earthquake-resistant popular housing is completed. • Establishment of the system for dissemination of the model of earthquake-resistant popular housing • Promotion for the construction of earthquake-resistant popular housing. Overall Goal To mitigate of earthquake disaster for low-income people in El Salvador. Projects Purpose Outputs

4. JICA’s Approach to Effective Assistance in Disaster Prevention • 4 Main Approaches • Incorporating Disaster Management • Viewpoint into Socio-Economic Development (2) Assisting for Disaster Risk Identification and Assessment (3) Assisting in Formulating Comprehensive Disaster Management Plan (4) Approaching to Promoting Community- Based Disaster Management Activities from the Viewpoint of “Human-Securities”

4. JICA’s Approach to Effective Assistance in Disaster Prevention • Incorporating Disaster Management • Viewpoint into Socio-Economic Development • Recognizing endemic disaster risk as a disincentive for socio-economic development such as poverty reduction • Supporting sustainable development efforts incorporating mitigation of existing disaster risk and preparedness for potential risk

4. JICA’s Approach to Effective Assistance in Disaster Prevention (2) Assisting for Disaster Risk Identification and Assessment • Assistance in risk assessment by making hazard maps, promotion of information management and exchange among entities at national, regional and community levels

4. JICA’s Approach to Effective Assistance in Disaster Prevention (3) Assisting in Formulating Comprehensive Disaster Management Plan • Formulating comprehensive disaster management master plan and subsequent action plans • Including capacity development of disaster-related government institutions, improvement of legal and institutional system, and awareness raising for disaster management activities at national, regional and community levels

4. JICA’s Approach to Effective Assistance in Disaster Prevention (4) Approaching to Promoting Community- Based Disaster Management Activities from the Viewpoint of “Human-Securities” • Improving disaster management capability of local community and individuals directly • Promoting cooperative efforts towards disaster preparedness between governmental and community entities

5. JICA’s Organization - Organization Chart - • Auditors • Office of Auditors • Office of the President • President • Senior Vice-President • Office of Audit • General Affairs Department • Vice-President • Personnel Department • Finance and Accounting Department • Headquarters • Procurement Department • Planning and Coordination Department 46 groups and 146 teams • Regional Department • Domestic Offices • Issue-based Department in 19 places • Training Affairs and Citizen Participation Department Ms. Sadako OGATA • Overseas Offices • Grant Aid Management Department in 56 places • Secretariat of Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCV) • Secretariat of Japan Disaster Relief Team (JDR) • Human Resources Assignment Department

5. JICA’s Organization - Issue-based Department and Disaster Management Team - - Governance - Gender - Information and Communication Technology (ICT) - Transportation - Urban and Regional Development • Social Development Department - Basic Education - Technical and Higher Education - Health Personnel Development - Health Administration - Reproductive Health - Infectious Disease Control • Human Development Department • Global Environment Department • Group I: Forest and Nature Conservation • Group II: Environmental Management • Group III: Water Resources and Disaster Management • Water Resources Management Team I • Water Resources Management Team II • Disaster Management Team • Poverty Reduction • - Rural Development • - Agricultural Development - Fisheries Cooperation • Rural Development Department • Economic Policy and Private Sector Development • - Tourism - Natural Resources and Energy • Economic Development Department

5. JICA’s Organization - On-going Project in charge of Disaster Management Team - TCP: Technical Cooperation ProjectDS: Development Study

Thank you very much for attention. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

Workshop on Safer Housing for Earthquakes in Developing Countries