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Disaster, Security, and Governance

Disaster, Security, and Governance. MAGG Spring 2014 Bin Xu Assistant Professor Florida International University. Disaster without Borders. Two implications Disasters’ physical and social impacts are beyond national borders Politics of morality pertaining to disasters.

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Disaster, Security, and Governance

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  1. Disaster, Security, and Governance MAGG Spring 2014 Bin Xu Assistant Professor Florida International University

  2. Disaster without Borders • Two implications • Disasters’ physical and social impacts are beyond national borders • Politics of morality pertaining to disasters

  3. Politics of Depoliticizing Disaster • Naïve but widely held notion of depoliticizing disasters: “disaster above politics” • Disasters are a matter of management • The normative wish and the reality

  4. Global Policy Field • Alternative terms: System? Network? • Field: (Bourdieu; Ventresca 2002) • A field is a space/venue for oppositional ideas and practices • Global policy field of disaster: a global space for struggles among oppositional discourses, powers, and practices about disasters.

  5. Field

  6. Field: Positions&Players Positions Players Cristiano Ronaldo Lionel Messi Alessandro Nesta David Moyes

  7. Major Players/Positions • Nation-states: • Nation-states as major players in international organizations for disaster management • Disaster aids • Nation-states’ conduits for disaster management: • The Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance • The Department for International Development (DFID) (UK)

  8. Major Players/Positions • Local government • Direct responders • Uneven performance

  9. Major Players/Positions • Regional organizations • Coordination Center for Natural Disaster Prevention in Central America (CEPREDENAC) • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

  10. Major Players/Positions • International Financial Institutions The World Bank Asian Development Bank • More interested in rebuilding infrastructure; reluctance to cancel debts

  11. Major Players/Positions • UN-affiliated international organizations International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR)International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Disaster relief departments in UN organizations (UNICEF, WHO)

  12. International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) • Frank Press proposed an International Decade for Natural Hazard Reduction in 1984; endorsed by the scientific community • Physical vulnerabilitysocial vulnerability • 1988 a group of scientists approached the UN • UN’s 1989 resolution on IDNDR • Special High Level Council • Scientific and Technical Committee • Secretariat

  13. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction • Successor to IDNDR in the 2000s • More emphasis on human/social dimension of disaster reduction (reducing vulnerability and building resilient communities) • The Secretariat criticized (2005 evaluation report) • The Hyogo Conference (2005)

  14. Hyogo Framework for Action (2005-2015): Priorities for Action • Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation. • Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning. • Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels. • Reduce the underlying risk factors. • Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels.

  15. Major Players/Positions • Non-governmental organizations • Multi-actor initiatives and partnerships: ProVention (2000—present) • Scientific, technical, and academic communities • Mass Media: CNN effect

  16. Major Players/Positions • Private sector: controversies and less known contributions

  17. Tensions in the Global Policy Field • Vulnerability: technical or political-social • Practitioners vs. experts • Politically neutral vs. human rights approach • Development vs. disaster reduction

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