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Analyzing the Intersection of Disaster, Security, and Governance in Humanitarian Aid

This article explores the complexities of humanitarian intervention and aid governance within the contexts of disasters and security. It discusses ethical boundaries in international humanitarianism, the political dimensions of aid distribution, and the role of organizations like the International Red Cross and UN agencies post-World War II. The analysis highlights significant events such as the Biafra crisis and the Ethiopian famine, examining how political factors influence the allocation and effectiveness of humanitarian assistance in crisis situations.

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Analyzing the Intersection of Disaster, Security, and Governance in Humanitarian Aid

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  1. Disaster, Security, and Governance MAGG Spring 2014 Bin Xu Assistant Professor Florida International University

  2. Kindness of Strangers • Adam Smith, 1759. The Theory of Moral Sentiments • Distant suffering/kindness of strangers

  3. Kindness of Strangers Each man's death diminishes me, For I am involved in mankind. Therefore, send not to know For whom the bell tolls, It tolls for thee. --John Donne

  4. Global Politics of Humanitarian Aids • International humanitarianism: “the transnational concern to help persons in exceptional distress” (Hannigan 2012, 42) • “A world without ethical boundaries” • Nevertheless, humanitarianism is political

  5. Humanitarian Intervention • Humanitarian intervention is justifiable when “sovereign states lack the will or resources with which to protect their citizens from ‘avoidable catastrophes.’” (Hannigan 2012, 43) • Dilemma: sovereignty; conditional or unconditional • Humanitarian intervention and humanitarian access

  6. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement • ICRC official video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEtOXDJl8q0

  7. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement • The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC 1863) • The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC, 1919) • Differences: • 1) wars vs. disasters/health/rebuilding; 2) INGO vs. league of national societies

  8. WWI and Humanitarianism • Humanitarian organizations and initiatives (the Commission for Relief in Belgium [Herbert Hoover]) • International Relief Union (IRU, Giovanni Ciraolo): • an international disaster insurance union; • faltered in WWII, resurrected and was liquidated in 1968 • Problems

  9. Post-WWII • Emergence of UN agencies: • The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) • International Refugee Organization (IRO) • The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) • The World Health Organization (WHO)

  10. Post-WWII Humanitarian Battlefield • The Biafra crisis (1968-1970) • ICRC’s retreat • Doctors Without Borders

  11. Post-WWII Humanitarian Battlefield • The Ethiopian Famine (1984) • The land reform • War between the Derg government & rebels • The international aids went through the government’s Relief and Rehabilitation Commission (RRC) • LIVE AID • Complex Emergency: protracted crisis

  12. Politics of US Humanitarian Aids • Stage 1 (Yes/No, Drury, Olson, and van Belle [2005]) • US federal deficits and domestic disaster costs depress the likelihood of aid • US aids tend to be allocated to salient events (media power) • Allies and democratic countries (small impacts) get more US aids. • Wealthier countries receive less.

  13. Politics of US Humanitarian Aids • Stage 2 (How much) • Neither foreign policy nor federal deficits influences how much aids the US gives. • The # of stories in NYT

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