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Disaster, Security, and Governance

Disaster, Security, and Governance. MAGG Spring 2014 Bin Xu Assistant Professor Florida International University. Kindness of Strangers. Adam Smith, 1759. The Theory of Moral Sentiments Distant suffering/kindness of strangers. Kindness of Strangers. Each man's death diminishes me,

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Disaster, Security, and Governance

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  1. Disaster, Security, and Governance MAGG Spring 2014 Bin Xu Assistant Professor Florida International University

  2. Kindness of Strangers • Adam Smith, 1759. The Theory of Moral Sentiments • Distant suffering/kindness of strangers

  3. Kindness of Strangers Each man's death diminishes me, For I am involved in mankind. Therefore, send not to know For whom the bell tolls, It tolls for thee. --John Donne

  4. Global Politics of Humanitarian Aids • International humanitarianism: “the transnational concern to help persons in exceptional distress” (Hannigan 2012, 42) • “A world without ethical boundaries” • Nevertheless, humanitarianism is political

  5. Humanitarian Intervention • Humanitarian intervention is justifiable when “sovereign states lack the will or resources with which to protect their citizens from ‘avoidable catastrophes.’” (Hannigan 2012, 43) • Dilemma: sovereignty; conditional or unconditional • Humanitarian intervention and humanitarian access

  6. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement • ICRC official video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEtOXDJl8q0

  7. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement • The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC 1863) • The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC, 1919) • Differences: • 1) wars vs. disasters/health/rebuilding; 2) INGO vs. league of national societies

  8. WWI and Humanitarianism • Humanitarian organizations and initiatives (the Commission for Relief in Belgium [Herbert Hoover]) • International Relief Union (IRU, Giovanni Ciraolo): • an international disaster insurance union; • faltered in WWII, resurrected and was liquidated in 1968 • Problems

  9. Post-WWII • Emergence of UN agencies: • The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) • International Refugee Organization (IRO) • The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) • The World Health Organization (WHO)

  10. Post-WWII Humanitarian Battlefield • The Biafra crisis (1968-1970) • ICRC’s retreat • Doctors Without Borders

  11. Post-WWII Humanitarian Battlefield • The Ethiopian Famine (1984) • The land reform • War between the Derg government & rebels • The international aids went through the government’s Relief and Rehabilitation Commission (RRC) • LIVE AID • Complex Emergency: protracted crisis

  12. Politics of US Humanitarian Aids • Stage 1 (Yes/No, Drury, Olson, and van Belle [2005]) • US federal deficits and domestic disaster costs depress the likelihood of aid • US aids tend to be allocated to salient events (media power) • Allies and democratic countries (small impacts) get more US aids. • Wealthier countries receive less.

  13. Politics of US Humanitarian Aids • Stage 2 (How much) • Neither foreign policy nor federal deficits influences how much aids the US gives. • The # of stories in NYT

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