Chapter 9: Section 4

1. Chapter 9: Section 4 Changing Patterns of Life

2. Lesson Questions • How has technology changed village life? • To what extent has the caste system changed? • How is education changing in South Asia? • What social changes are taking place in South Asia?

3. Village Life • Modern advances are reaching some of the most remote areas of India • However, some Indian villages have seen little change because about half have electricity and few have running water • Some women still carry water jugs on their heads along dirt roads • Traditional clothing is also worn • People still plant crops by hand and guide ox-drawn plows • People produce goods from home run businesses known as cottage industries

4. Video Clip of Daily South Asian Life

5. Technology and Change • A few villagers receive the luxury of electricity and also afford manufactured goods such as telephones or tractors • Roads, buses, movies, and television have put people in touch with a wider world • Radar dishes are used at richer households to gain access to the news • Due to increased health care the infant mortality rate is down • In villages, sometimes due to traditional attitudes, male babies have received more nourishment and care than female babies • In cities, males and female are generally treated the same

6. Video clip of Modernization in India

7. Modernization and the Caste System • India’s government has tried to weaken the caste system • People still have deeply rooted attitudes and traditions • The caste system affects how children are educated • Higher caste Indians can afford to educate their children. Family connections also allow them to get good jobs. • Most higher castes dominate professions such as law, engineering, and medicine. • Small changes have occurred for untouchables • They can now worship at temples or use the village well • Children of untouchables can attend public school, however they usually sit in a separate part of the class • Urbanization has weakened the caste system • City-dwellers do not know the backgrounds of their neighbors and western educated Indians usually reject the social system altogether

8. Improving Education in Pakistan

9. Improving education in India • Schooling is free up to age 14, but due to traditional social views more males attend school than females • 10% of Indians were literate at independence • Today roughly 52% can read and write • The future looks optimistic because 82% of elementary-age students are taught. • The lower the caste the worst the literacy

10. Themes of Changing family Life • Westernization – Bollywood – a nickname of Bombay (Mumbai) because they produce so many films like Hollywood • More women’s rights • More nuclear families than extended • Urbanization • Traditional views are challenged

11. Bollywood