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The War of 1812: A Struggle for National Identity and Military Preparedness

The War of 1812 marked a pivotal moment in American history, revealing the nation's unpreparedness for conflict. With fewer than 7,000 troops due to budget cutbacks, the U.S. faced formidable challenges, including defeats like the surrender of Detroit and the death of Native leader Tecumseh. American forces, however, rallied under leaders like Oliver Hazard Perry and faced the British Navy, culminating in the burning of Washington, D.C., and the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner." The war ultimately fostered a sense of patriotism and shaped the young nation's identity.

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The War of 1812: A Struggle for National Identity and Military Preparedness

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 9 Section 4

  2. War Begins • America wasn’t well prepared for war. • Had less than 7,000 troops • Due to Jefferson’s cutbacks in Military • Had 50,000 to 100,000 militia, but were poorly trained

  3. War Begins • General William Hull fought Tecumseh in Canada • He was defeated • Surrendered Detroit

  4. Oliver Hazard Perry • Naval Commander of Lake Erie Forces • “We have met the enemy and they are ours.”

  5. Battle of the Thames • Between General William Henry Harrison and Tecumseh • Tecumseh died in October 5th, 1813 • Americans captured York (Toronto)

  6. Old Ironsides

  7. Setbacks for the Native Americans • Tecumseh’s death ended any hopes of a native American Confederacy • Lost the Battle of Horseshoe Bend • 550 Creeks died • Forced Creeks to give up their land.

  8. Andrew Jackson

  9. British Offense • Britain sent more troops after a war with France ended. • A Naval fleet sailed into Chesapeake Bay • Burned Washington on August 24, 1814

  10. British Offense • Baltimore was attacked, but repelled the British • Better prepared than Washington • British Attacked Fort McHenry • Francis Scott Key wrote the Star-Spangled Banner.

  11. Francis Scott Key

  12. British Defeat • British planned to attack Plattsburgh on Lake Champlain • Americans defeated the British in September, 1814. • British decided that war with the U.S. was too costly.

  13. British Defeat • Treaty of Ghent was signed in December, 1814. • Battle of New Orleans happened on January 8th, 1815. • News of peace hadn’t arrived yet.

  14. American Nationalism • Federalist lost popularity for not supporting the war. • Americans felt a new sense of Patriotism after the war. • War Hawks carried Federalist Ideals.

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