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Overview of the Digestive System: Structures, Functions, and Combining Forms

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the digestive system, highlighting the major structures and accessory organs involved in digestion. It details the primary functions of each component, starting from the mouth, which begins food preparation, to the rectum and anus, which control waste excretion. Key organs such as the stomach, small intestine, and liver are described, along with relevant combining forms that aid in understanding medical terminology related to the digestive system.

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Overview of the Digestive System: Structures, Functions, and Combining Forms

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  1. Chapter 8 The Digestive System

  2. Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

  3. Major Structures and Accessory Organs of the Digestive System

  4. Mouth • Primary Function • Begins preparation of food for digestion. • Related Combining Forms • or/o • stomat/o

  5. Structures of the Tongueand Oral Cavity

  6. Pharynx • Primary Function • Transports food from the mouth to the esophagus. • Related Combining Form • pharyng/o

  7. Esophagus • Primary Function • Transports food from the pharynx to the stomach. • Related Combining Form • esophag/o

  8. Stomach • Primary Functions • Breaks down food and mixes it with digestive juices. • Related Combining Form • gastr/o

  9. Structures of the Stomach

  10. Small Intestines • Primary Functions • Completes digestion and absorption of most nutrients. • Related Combining Form • enter/o

  11. Large Intestines • Primary Functions • Absorbs excess water. • Prepares solid waste for elimination. • Related Combining Forms • col/o, colon/o

  12. Structures of the Large Intestine

  13. Rectum and Anus • Primary Function • Controls the excretion of solid waste. • Related Combining Forms • an/o • proct/o • rect/o

  14. Liver • Primary Function • Secretes bile and enzymes to aid in the digestion of fats. • Related Combining Form • hepat/o

  15. Gallbladder • Primary Functions • Stores bile and releases it to the small intestine as needed. • Related Combining Form • cholecyst/o

  16. Pancreas • Primary Functions • Secretes digestive juices and enzymes into small intestine as needed. • Related Combining Form • pancreat/o

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