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Factors influencing development of behaviour

Factors influencing development of behaviour. Chapter 30. Maturation. Progression through a sequence of inherited development stages E.g walking – begins at 9-15 months But genetically ‘pre-programmed’ series of events lead up to walking (crawling etc.)

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Factors influencing development of behaviour

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  1. Factors influencing development of behaviour Chapter 30

  2. Maturation • Progression through a sequence of inherited development stages • E.g walking – begins at 9-15 months • But genetically ‘pre-programmed’ series of events lead up to walking (crawling etc.) • Speech development – crying, babbling, ‘mama’ etc • Cognitive abilities – perception, intuition, thinking, reasoning • - influenced by environment & inherited factors

  3. Cognitive Abilities • Object permanence • – understanding that something exists, even if out of view • Egocentric thinking • – idea that the environment is determined by your actions • Conservation • – Understanding that physical properties remain the same inspite of physical changes • Concrete operations • – ability to classify, sequence, reverse sequence • Formal operations • - testing hypothesis, dealing with abstract ideas

  4. Inheritance • Genotype partly influences behaviour • Certain genes code for protein synthesis • Proteins can be used for nerve cells, receptors etc • Huntingdon’s Chorea: • Causes premature neurone death • Decreased NT production • Leads to: • - movement impaired • - personality change • - mental deterioration • - decreased brain weight (20-30%) • - death in middle life • PKU: • Excess phenylalanine accumulating – converted to toxins • Enzymes in brain cell pathways inhibited • Causes severe learning difficulties

  5. Intelligence • The capacity to develop a wide range of intellectual skills • Many distinct intelligence abilities • E.g. linguistic, logical, spatial, musical, psychological, social skills, humour, etc. • Intelligence tests must be ‘culture-free’ • IQ (Intelligence Quotient) measures intelligence • Limited • – only linguistic, logic & spatial intelligence measured

  6. Environment • Twin (monozygotic) studies: • Effect of environment on behaviour can be identified • Genetic factors should be identical (complete correlation) • If reared apart, differences in IQ and behaviour apparent • – due to environment • Alcoholism tends to run in the family, but not more so in twins • Problem is mainly due to environmental influence • Schizophrenia incidence higher in monozygotic twins • – genetic influence • Intelligence, behaviour etc all influenced by interaction between heredity & environment

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